Improved Hydrophobicity and Dimensional Stability of Wood Treated with Paraffin/Acrylate Compound Emulsion through Response Surface Methodology Optimization

Jiang, Jun; Chen, Yupeng; Cao, Jinzhen; Mei, Changtong

doi:10.3390/polym12010086

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 8A shows a typical normal versus residual probability distribution. The residual plots fall near the linear line in the figure, indicating that there is a good fit with the normal distribution [35]. On the other hand, Figure 8B presents a plot of residuals versus predicted values, showing that the data points are randomly scattered throughout the plot without exceeding the upper and lower boundary lines confirming the proposed model's accuracy.…”

Section: Diagnostic Plots Of Cfrp Filament Compositementioning

confidence: 56%

Effects of Processing Variables of Extrusion–Pultrusion Method on the Impregnation Quality of Thermoplastic Composite Filaments

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon fibre-reinforced polypropylene composite filaments were fabricated via the extrusion–pultrusion method. One of the important factors influencing composites’ filament processability and structural properties is the impregnation quality, which can be represented by interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibre. To improve the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the filament, four processing variables—melt temperature, pulling speed, number of pins in the impregnation die and fibre treatment—have been optimised using the Box–Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the linearity of the response surface models. Three levels were set for each independent variable. The melt temperature was varied at levels 190, 210 and 230 °C, while the pulling speed was set at three levels, namely, 40, 47 and 50 cm/min. The number of spreader pins was varied at 1, 2 and 3 pins, and there were three variations of the fibre treatment, namely, vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTS) and liquid nitrogen. Twenty-seven experimental runs were conducted, and a significant regression for the coefficient between the variables was obtained. The filament IFSS was measured by a customised pull-out test, and its surface morphology was characterised using a scanning electron microscope. ANOVA showed that fibre treatment significantly affected the IFSS due to their surface roughness, followed by pulling speed and melt temperature in quadratic order. Liquid nitrogen is recommended for carbon fibre treatment because of the high surface roughness, thereby providing a better matrix–fibre bonding effect. The results demonstrated that a melt temperature of 190 °C, pulling speed of 40 cm/min, three spreader pins and treatment of the fibre with liquid nitrogen afforded the optimum impregnation quality. It is important to keep a reasonable low processing temperature to obtain the geometrical stability of the product.

show abstract

Section: Diagnostic Plots Of Cfrp Filament Compositementioning

confidence: 56%

Effects of Processing Variables of Extrusion–Pultrusion Method on the Impregnation Quality of Thermoplastic Composite Filaments

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increase in contact angle as a result of artificial ageing may be a consequence of the decrease of polar groups on the surface of the mock-ups [ 62 , 63 ]. Considering also the translucent appearance of the samples even before the treatments, we can reasonably hypothesize the migration of a part of the waxy fraction present in the binder towards the surface with a resulting decrease of its polarity and therefore an increase of the contact angle [ 57 , 64 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Ageing Procedures to Assess the Stability of an Unconventional Acrylic-Wax Polymeric Emulsion for Contemporary Art

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research evaluates the stability of an aqueous emulsion of acrylic copolymers and waxes. Edelwachs, generally applied on wood, has been recently used as an unconventional medium in contemporary painting. Through Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FT-IR-ATR) analyses, the composition of Edelwachs was defined as a mixture of acrylic polymers (MA, MMA, nBA, nBMA), Carnauba and microcrystalline waxes and additives. Mock-ups-obtained mixing Edelwachs with titanium white, zinc white and ultramarine blue were subjected to UV, high temperatures, and high relative humidity accelerated ageing. The effect of the ageing procedures was evaluated through optical microscopy, colourimetric measurements, FT-IR-ATR, Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) and wettability measures. FT-IR-ATR spectra do not show significant variations in terms of chemical stability, indicating a fair stability of Edelwachs as a painting binder. UV and high temperature treatments show the most relevant effects in terms of colorimetric changes (increasing of b*) and thermal stability. The TG-DSC highlights the influence of the pigments (specifically zinc white) mainly on the thermal behaviour of the acrylates. The unexpected decrease of wettability of the paint films, registered after ageing, may indicate a possible phase separation among acrylates and waxes.

show abstract

“…For show the significance of the reduced method was comparied the RMSE of the reduced set and the enlarged set. Table 8 shows the RMSE for the set of 31 and 99 points that was calculated between the experimentally observed data versus the values Predicted by MQ31pc (29,30,31). Both sets presented the approximately the same RMSE, that is, the method of reduced formulations is excellent and reproduces very well the enlarged set.…”

Section: Comparison Between Quadratic Models Of Sets Tested With Each Iteration Of Sets (Qmn) and The Quadratic Model With 99 Formulationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Surface modeling as tool for constructing pseudo ternary diagrams

Camilo¹,

Ferreira²,

Costa³

et al. 2021

BJEDIS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microemulsions have been developed and evaluated for application in various fields. For their development, ternary phase diagrams are initially constructed, obtained by investigating mixtures of the aqueous and oil phases and a surfactant, to determine the regions composed of liquid microemulsions. However, the construction of these diagrams requires many steps, so simplification of this method can be useful for the formulation and application of these microemulsified systems. Therefore, this article proposes a method to obtain these diagrams employing mathematical modeling, by testing systems composed of kerosene (as oil phase), a nonionic surfactant based on ethoxylated nonylphenol (NP80), and salt water. The study aimed to ascertain which models (linear, quadratic or special cubic) were able to describe the empirical observations, i.e., the ternary phase diagram containing 99 points. The results obtained showed that a quadratic model with a smaller sample (31 points) was able to represent these systems with 61% variability of the observed data and a confidence level higher than 99.9%. The smaller sample (31 points) was defined by means extrapolation lines, as described in the standard ISO11358, permitting identifying the liquid microemulsion regions of the system composed of kerosene, NP80 and salt water. This result is very promising since it permits determining the conditions of interest with significantly less experimental work, and commensurate reduction of the final cost of the experiments.

show abstract

Improved Hydrophobicity and Dimensional Stability of Wood Treated with Paraffin/Acrylate Compound Emulsion through Response Surface Methodology Optimization

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Processing Variables of Extrusion–Pultrusion Method on the Impregnation Quality of Thermoplastic Composite Filaments

Effects of Processing Variables of Extrusion–Pultrusion Method on the Impregnation Quality of Thermoplastic Composite Filaments

Accelerated Ageing Procedures to Assess the Stability of an Unconventional Acrylic-Wax Polymeric Emulsion for Contemporary Art

Surface modeling as tool for constructing pseudo ternary diagrams

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About