Improved Immune Algorithm for Power Economic Dispatch Considering Units with Prohibited Operating Zones and Spinning Reserve

Abstract

Abstract-This study proposes an improved immune algorithm (IIA) with multiplier updating (MU) for power economic dispatch (PED) considering units with both of prohibited operating zones (POZ) and spinning reserve. The IIA equipped with an accelerated operation and a migration operation can efficiently search and actively explore solutions. The MU is introduced to handle the equality and inequality constraints of the power system. To show the advantages of the proposed algorithm, three realistic examples are investigated, and computational results of the proposed method are compared with that of previous methods. The proposed approach (IIA-MU) integrates the IIA and the MU, revealing that the proposed approach has the following merits -ease of implementation; applicability to non-convex fuel cost functions; better effectiveness than previous methods; better efficiency than immune algorithm with the MU (IA-MU), and the requirement for only a small population in applying the optimal PED problem of generators with POZ and spinning reserve.

Non-convex constrained economic power dispatch with prohibited operating zones and piecewise quadratic cost functions

“…The data of this test system is taken from [27]. The units 2, 5 and 6 have three POZs, and unit 12 has two POZs, which [4] 32544.982 IA-MU [4] 32544.991 PM [27] 32506.183 DCGA [28] 32516.169 SGA [28] 32513.219 DP [28] 32506.139 GACOP [29] 32544.970 HPCSA [30] 32,544.970…”

“…Also, the generation units may have prohibited operating zones (POZs) where the operation is unwanted and should be avoided [3]. These zones divide the decision space into disjoint subsets forming a non-convex solution space [4]. The practical EPD with MFO and POZs is a non-convex, non-continuous and non-differentiable optimization problem with many equality and inequality constraints, which makes it very difficult to obtain the optimal solution of this problem [5].…”

Hopfield Neural Network-based Security Constrained Economic Dispatch of Renewable Energy Systems

“…Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) is a recurrent artificial neural network popularized by John Hopfield in 1982, in which networks serve as associative memory systems with binary threshold nodes [34] [35]. All neurons are both input and output, and each neuron is connected to all other neurons in both directions with equal weights.…”