Improved International Formulations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Water Substance

Sengers, J. V.; Watson, J. T. R.

doi:10.1063/1.555763

Cited by 291 publications

(156 citation statements)

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“…In fact, in the last decades, viscosity reference data of low viscosity fluids [12][13][14][15][16] and moderately high viscosity fluids [6,8,9], have been proposed under the auspices of STP-IUPAC and IATP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Diogo

Avelino

Caetano

et al. 2014

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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A B S T R A C TThe article reports viscosity measurements of compressed liquid tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate or 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester (TOTM) which is an important plasticizer in the polymer industry and has wide applications as a lubricant. Nevertheless, the main motivation for the present work is to propose TOTM as a plausible candidate for an industrial viscosity reference fluid for high viscosity, high pressure and high temperature. This kind of reference fluid is presently on demand by oil industries and the International Association for Transport Properties is developing efforts aiming to select appropriate candidates and to establish the corresponding reference data.The viscosity measurements were performed with a novel vibrating wire sensor. The new instrument was designed for operation at high pressures (up to 100 MPa) and temperatures up to 373 K. The present measurements were obtained using the vibrating wire sensor in the forced oscillation or steady-state mode of operation. The viscosity measurements were carried out up to 65 MPa and at six temperatures from (303 to 373) K.The viscosity results were correlated with density, using a modified hard-spheres scheme. The root mean square deviation of the data from the correlation is 0.53% and the maximum absolute relative deviation was less than 1.7%. The expanded uncertainty of the present viscosity results, at a 95% confidence level, is estimated to be less than AE2% for viscosities up to 68 mPa s, less than AE2.6% for viscosities between (69 and 268) mPa s and less than AE3% for higher viscosities.The TOTM density data necessary to compute the viscosity results were measured using a vibrating Utube densimeter, model DMA HP and are described in part II of the present work.No literature data above atmospheric pressure could be found for the viscosity of TOTM. As a consequence, the present viscosity results could only be compared upon extrapolation of the vibrating wire data to 0.1 MPa. Independent viscosity measurements were performed, at atmospheric pressure, using an Ubbelohde capillary in order to compare with the vibrating wire results, extrapolated by means of the above mentioned correlation. The two data sets agree within AE1%, which is commensurate with the mutual uncertainty of the experimental methods. Comparisons of the literature data obtained at atmospheric pressure with the present extrapolated vibrating-wire viscosity measurements have shown an agreement within AE2% for temperatures up to 339 K and within AE3.3% for temperatures up to 368 K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Diogo

Avelino

Caetano

et al. 2014

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…where we take^0 ^1 10 q rÿr i 2 for water [9] (see also [8]) with q 0:05 used in our simulation. We also assume that the exchange of instability is valid in our nonlinear analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Convection in Moderately Thin Spherical Shells

et al. 2008

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Hydrothermal convection of pore water with a temperature-dependent viscosity within a permeable, internally heated, moderately thin spherical shell is investigated by both a perturbation analysis and a direct numerical simulation. The analysis and simulation are mainly focused on a thin spherical shell in that convective instabilities are characterized by the spherical harmonic degree l 6 with a 13-fold mathematical degeneracy. Four different three-dimensional analytical solutions of convection are derived by removing the degeneracy through the nonlinear effect. A direct numerical simulation of the nonlinear problem is also carried out, showing satisfactory agreement between the analytical solutions and the numerical simulations.

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“…In particular, the extensive work on the viscosity and thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide [1] and ethane [2,3] by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Transport Properties [now known as the International Association for Transport Properties (IATP)] and on water [4][5][6] by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) and IATP has influenced the present project.…”

Section: Preamblementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative expression that is a product of contributions has been used for the viscosity of water [4,5] …”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of fluids over an extended range of conditions: hexane in the vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions (IUPAC Technical Report)

Perkins

Huber

Assael

et al. 2015

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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This article summarizes the correlation procedures developed for IUPAC Project 2012-040-1-100 [Reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of fluids over extended range of conditions (vapor, liquid and supercritical regions)]. This project is focused on the development of wide-range reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of fluids that incorporate as much theoretical knowledge of these properties as possible. The thermal conductivity and viscosity correlations developed here for pure fluids are functions of temperature and density. The best available equations of state for a given fluid are used to calculate the thermodynamic properties required for these correlations, often from measured temperatures and pressures. The correlation methodology developed during this project has been applied to hexane in this report but can be applied to any pure fluid with a reliable equation of state and reliable data for the thermal conductivity and viscosity over a significant range of temperatures and densities.

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Improved International Formulations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Water Substance

Abstract: This paper describes improved international formulations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of water substance recently adopted by the International Association for the Properties of Steam.

Cited by 291 publications

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Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) a potential reference fluid for high viscosity. Part I: Viscosity measurements at temperatures from (303 to 373) K and pressures up to 65 MPa, using a novel vibrating-wire instrument

Hydrothermal Convection in Moderately Thin Spherical Shells

Reference correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of fluids over an extended range of conditions: hexane in the vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions (IUPAC Technical Report)

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