“…Such algorithms do not depend on the specific form of the problem but rather guide the search process by simulating phenomena in nature, behaviors of organisms, physical principles, and social laws, etc., thus demonstrating excellent adaptability and efficiency in numerous application fields. With the continuous development of metaheuristic algorithms, these algorithms play a crucial role in a variety of fields, such as path planning [2,3], image segmentation [4,5], feature selection [6,7], neural network hyperparameter optimization [8,9], task allocation [10,11], supply chain management [12,13], waste collection [14], wireless sensor optimization problems [15,16], and antenna array synthesis issues [17,18]. And, they show great potential in promoting the development of engineering technology, improving productivity, and solving multi-objective optimization problems [19,20].…”