Improved pinning regime by energetic ions using reduction of pinning potential

Universal Dependence of the Critical Temperature in HTS on the Fractional Volume of Nanosize Defects

“…In this experiment we applied a novel irradiation method designed [21] to create a well-controlled damage morphology at the nanoscale length [13], [21]. This method utilizes the fact that, as described in Section II, for high-energy ions (at least 10 GeV or higher) varies smoothly, and the ions can penetrate, due to their large energy, considerable distances up to few mm of HTS [13], [21].…”

“…This method utilizes the fact that, as described in Section II, for high-energy ions (at least 10 GeV or higher) varies smoothly, and the ions can penetrate, due to their large energy, considerable distances up to few mm of HTS [13], [21].…”

“…Low values of produce string-of-bead-damage, intermediated values produce Multiple-in-line-Defects, MILD, and high values produce continuous columnar defects, CCPC [13], [21]. MILD defects are formed in target slices at the upstream end of the YBCO, where is small, and CCPCs are formed in the target slice at the downstream end, where the ion velocity is low and therefore is large [13], [21]. Thus, the experiment enabled a comparison of HTS properties, such as and , as functions of the damage morphology, resulting from a wide range of defect size and continuity.…”

“…The diameter of the defects is also strongly dependent on . At , the regions of damage join to form continuous columnar damage of [7], [21]. In the interval , the geometry of the damage caused by ions is relatively well known.…”

“…In the interval , the geometry of the damage caused by ions is relatively well known. In YBCO, for example, the radius, , has been represented phenomenologically [21] by: (1) where is expressed in . Similarly, the defect continuity, , here defined as the fraction of permanent damage over the whole ion track, can be represented [21] in the interval by:…”