Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common
cancer
globally. Phytochemicals and small molecule inhibitors significantly
prevent varying types of cancers, including NSCLC. These therapeutic
molecules serve as important sources for new drugs that interfere
with cellular proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis
by regulating signaling pathways. These molecules affect several cellular
signaling cascades, including p53, NF-κB, STAT3, RAS, MAPK/ERK,
Wnt, and AKT/PI3K, and are thus implicated in the therapeutic management
of cancers. This review aims to describe the bioactive compounds and
small-molecule inhibitors, their anticancer action, and targeting
cellular signaling cascades in NSCLC. We highlighted the therapeutic
potential of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Perifosine, ABT-737,
Thymoquinine, Quercetin, Venetoclax, Gefitinib, and Genistein. These
compounds are implicated in the therapeutic management of NSCLC. This
review further offers deeper mechanistic insights into different signaling
pathways that could be targeted for NSCLC therapy by phytochemicals
and small-molecule inhibitors.