Improved stability of blood glucose measurement in humans using near infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

Abstract. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has become a promising technique for blood glucose monitoring. However, an appropriate model of spectral response in humans is yet to be determined because of the reliability problem. In this study, 48 subjects were recruited. The subjects' left forearms were scanned using near infrared spectroscopy to obtain NIR spectra. Simultaneously, a blood sample of glucose was drawn. A new method based on Monte Carlo approach is applied for partial least squares (PLS), named as PLS MC , is proposed. A large numbers of models are built from calibration subsets which are randomly selected from the whole calibration set in order to minimize the noises. It is then determining the mean value over the models with high correlation and small prediction errors. The results show that the method can enhance the stability of PLS model. Also, the performance of the PLS MC shows more accurate prediction results as compared with conventional PLS.

Noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients with optical coherence tomography

“…Therefore, it is not suitable for the frequent measurements because of the discomfort and compliance of this invasive technique. In order to eliminate the painful pricking experience, risk of infection, and damage to finger tissue for SMBG, significant efforts have been made by several scientific groups in the past few decades to develop different optical approaches for noninvasive blood glucose analysis [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. These optical approaches include polarimetry [7][8][9][10], near infrared (NIR) absorption and scattering [11][12][13][14][15], Raman spectroscopy [16][17][18], bioimpedance spectroscopy [19] and photoacoustics [20,21].…”

“…In order to eliminate the painful pricking experience, risk of infection, and damage to finger tissue for SMBG, significant efforts have been made by several scientific groups in the past few decades to develop different optical approaches for noninvasive blood glucose analysis [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. These optical approaches include polarimetry [7][8][9][10], near infrared (NIR) absorption and scattering [11][12][13][14][15], Raman spectroscopy [16][17][18], bioimpedance spectroscopy [19] and photoacoustics [20,21]. Noninvasive and continuous monitoring of glucose concentration in blood and tissues is one of the most challenging and exciting applications of optics in medicine.…”

Recent advances in noninvasive glucose monitoring

“…Although an improved method is investigated for quantitative analysis that can enhance the correlation of the spectroscopic properties of the glucose molecule with glucose concentration in blood, more effort should be made to rigorously extend the technique to noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. 39 …”