Improvement in hypersomnia with high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed adolescents: Preliminary evidence from an open-label study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapeutic applications on sleep and insomnia: a review

“…In contrast with individuals with insomnia, whose cortex is likely to be already overactive, HF treatment may not achieve sleep improvement. In addition, the aforementioned recent study also found preliminary evidence of a seemingly positive intrinsic effect on sleep from rTMS independent of its antidepressant effects (Sonmez et al 2020). However, a recent study suggests how rTMS's effect on cortical areas may be more related to functional integration of each area rather than frequency settings (Castrillon et al 2019).…”

“…While the importance of rTMS frequency regarding clinical outcomes has been the subject of investigation (Lefaucheur et al 2014), it is possible that patients with primary insomnia, which is a condition known to present with cortical hyperexcitability (Lanza et al 2015;Riemann et al 2015), could benefit from a LF-continuous stimulus protocol thought to be inhibitory in nature (Valero-cabré et al 2017;Chen et al 1997;Romero et al 2002). Interestingly, a recent study using excitatory HF rTMS in depressed adolescents found that hypersomnia symptoms improved significantly, while symptoms of insomnia did not (Sonmez et al 2020). These findings could reflect the effect of excitatory HF rTMS on potentially underactive cortex of patients with hypersomnia, an effect potentially seen in another study (Lai et al 2017).…”

“…Sleep disorders are common in the general population (Ohayon 2011) and in patients suffering from MDD (Ohayon 2011;Murphy and Peterson 2015). Several studies have reported that rTMS for various conditions improved sleep quality by subjective measures (van Dijk et al 2009;Sánchez-Escandón et al 2016), even in those who experienced no improvement with the actual mood disorder (Sonmez et al 2020); hence, it has recently been suggested that rTMS could have an intrinsic positive effect on sleep outside of its application in MDD (Sonmez et al 2020). Neuroimaging studies have found that patients with chronic primary insomnia often exhibit cortical hyperexcitability (Van Der Werf et al 2010;Lanza et al 2015).…”

The Safety and Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Major Depression Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

“…Finally, 18 articles, including 13 multi-subject trials and 5 case reports, were incorporated in this systematic review. We identified another three studies [24][25][26] that incorporated data from previous studies already included in this systematic review. We have discussed their findings.…”

“…Most of the studies included treatment-resistant depression [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]39,43] Children's Depression Rating Scale, Revised [28,29,31,32,35,43], Quick Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology Adolescent Seventeen Item Self Report [28,31,43], Clinical Global Impressions-Severity [28,31,32,41,43], Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders questionnaire [32,35], Beck Depression Inventory [32,35,39,41], Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version [38], Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale [28,31,43], Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire [32,35], Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview [43], Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children [43], and Young Mania Rating Scale [43].…”