“…Physiological outcomes were also previously reported after cardiac surgery in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement [5][6][7][8]. The reported goals of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for these patients are to improve exercise capacity, reduce coronary risk factors, improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and reduce subsequent cardiac events, sudden death, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization costs [5][6][7][8][9]. However, with regard to the economic evaluation of hospital costs, several previous studies suggested that health utility, which can be assessed by several preference-based utility measures, is an important measure in the analysis of cost effectiveness in health care [10][11][12][13].…”