Improvement of differentiated fertilizer application technology in the forest-steppe of Novosibirsk Priobye

Abstract

In the article, the authors presented the results of the experimental work (2019-2021) to study the application of differentiated fertilizer application on cereal crops. Western Siberia is a region with risky conditions for stable grain crop production. Soft spring wheat and spring barley are the primary crops for food and feed. Soft spring wheat and spring barley are also characterized by a high demand for the most important environmental factors, which are highly variable. Current trends in precision farming imply the need for different technological operations. These operations are differentiated both in time and by individual crop rotation fields. At the same time, operations take more fully into account the bio-resource potential of cultivated agricultural enterprises. And these operations also take into account soil and terrain features, which are controlled by the aggregates and their links to technological operations. In the field, the authors used aggregates with differentiated application rates of fertilizers or crop protection products. The yield mapping is an element of precision farming technology. This technology is achieved by signal sensors on combined and onboard computers and GPS receivers during the harvesting period. An accurate map of the field, showing the characteristics of each field section, enables rational resource allocation and increases yields from each section of the field. The availability of digital maps ensures the optimization of fertilizer, seed, and water application to each section of the field. Under the conditions of the JSC Livestock Breeding Farm Irmen, Ordynsiky district, Novosibirsk region, the data are entered into the on-board computer of agricultural equipment going into the field, and innovative control of technological processes in crop production is carried out through GPS navigation. The work aims to improve the technology of the application of differentiated fertilizers to grain crops in the precision agriculture system under forest-steppe conditions in the Novosibirsk region Priobye. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 in the soil and climatic zone of drained forest steppe on leached chernozem at JSC Livestock Breeding Farm «Irmen» on spring wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 31, Licamero, as well as the spring barley variety Paustian. The use of differentiated fertilizer application contributes to an increase in grain yield parameters of spring wheat by 36% and of spring barley varieties by 28%. The study showed that differential fertilizer application contributes to the improvement of grain quality parameters of soft spring wheat.

Innovative aspects of increasing the yield and quality of corn grain in Western Siberia

“…Corn is the leading agricultural crop and ranks second in world agriculture after wheat [1][2][3]. An important morphological and biological feature is the formation of a powerful multi-tiered root system, penetrating to a great depth of about three meters or more [4][5][6]. The stem of this crop has a knotty straw, up to five meters high and up to 6 cm in diameter [7][8].…”

Optimization of the production of varieties of grain crops using a satellite navigation system in the forest-steppe of the Priobye region

“…Зерновые культуры являются основным компонентом растениеводства. Современная технология их производства базируется на использовании инновационных сортов интенсивного типа; оптимальном чередовании культур; дифференцированной обработке почвы; системе удобрений с учётом эффективного плодородия почвы, коэффициентов использования элементов питания из почвы и удобрений, выноса их с урожаем, а также системе интегрированной защиты растений от вредных организмов и оптимизации сроков уборки [1][2][3][4][5]. Работами ряда учёных показано, что современное растениеводство зависит как от факторов внешней среды, так и от зоны возделывания, но на 42-58% находится в зависимости от технологического оснащения хозяйства [6][7][8].…”

“…Особую значимость имеет выработка путей усиления взаимодействия технологических компонентов с разными факторами внешней среды для повышения урожайности зерновых культур [9][10][11]. Необходимым резервом для внедрения геоинформационных технологий является создание комплексной адаптированной технологии, направленной на оптимизацию использования почвенно-климатических факторов с учётом повышения плодородия почвы [12][13][14].…”