Improvement of energy conservation using blockchain-enabled cognitive wireless networks for smart cities

Abstract

In Smart Cities’ applications, Multi-node cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) can boost spectrum sensing efficiency in cognitive wireless networks (CWN), although there is a non-linear interaction among number of nodes and sensing efficiency. Cooperative sensing by nodes with low computational cost is not favorable to improving sensing reliability and diminishes spectrum sensing energy efficiency, which poses obstacles to the regular operation of CWN. To enhance the evaluation and interpretation of nodes and resolves the difficulty of sensor selection in cognitive sensor networks for energy-efficient spectrum sensing. We examined reducing energy usage in smart cities while substantially boosting spectrum detecting accuracy. In optimizing energy effectiveness in spectrum sensing while minimizing complexity, we use the energy detection for spectrum sensing and describe the challenge of sensor selection. This article proposed the algorithm for choosing the sensing nodes while reducing the energy utilization and improving the sensing efficiency. All the information regarding nodes is saved in the fusion center (FC) through which blockchain encrypts the information of nodes ensuring that a node’s trust value conforms to its own without any ambiguity, CWN-FC pick high-performance nodes to engage in CSS. The performance evaluation and computation results shows the comparison between various algorithms with the proposed approach which achieves 10% sensing efficiency in finding the solution for identification and triggering possibilities with the value of $$\alpha = 1.5$$ α = 1.5 and $$\gamma = 2.5$$ γ = 2.5 with the varying number of nodes.

Blockchain technology in the renewable energy sector: A co-word analysis of academic discourse

“…The amalgamation of these clusters signals a comprehensive strategy towards erecting energy frameworks that are not only environmentally sustainable but also economically sound and technologically forward-thinking. The implementation of smart city innovations for optimizing energy consumption, coupled with blockchain-based financial novelties, paves a promising avenue towards realizing sustainability in urban development and energy finance [ [166] , [167] , [168] , [169] , [170] , [171] ]. This integrated modality ensures that advancements in urban infrastructure and renewable energy are complemented by pioneering financial mechanisms, thereby facilitating a holistic shift towards sustainable and intelligent urban ecosystems.…”

A Survey on Blockchain for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing

“…CR is anticipated to play a pivotal role in optimizing spectrum utilization, particularly through spectrum sensing. Acknowledging the key role of multinode Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS), [84] introduces a consensus algorithm to strategically select nodes, minimizing energy utilization and maximizing spectrum efficiency. Additionally, wireless network virtualization is explored as [15] proposes a decentralized blockchain-based dynamic spectrum acquisition scheme for wireless mediums with Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), minimizing transmission power while ensuring average data transmission rates.…”

“…Choi et al advocate for reducing spectrum under-utilization through clustering based on specific features[83], while Fan et al explore blockchain-based methods for achieving the same[82]. Energy consumption of sensing nodes is addressed by Rani et al through an improvement strategy[84], and Jiang et al present a decentralized approach for the same purpose[15].Efficiency gains in DSM processes are pursued by Guo et al through adaptive optimization among several factors and offloading processing…”

Qualitative Survey on Artificial Intelligence Integrated Blockchain Approach for 6G and Beyond

“…The application of BCT in 6G wireless communication will make the network more energy-efficient by optimizing energy usage, promoting energy trading, incentivizing energyefficient behavior, optimizing the network, and ensuring data integrity [151].…”