Improvement of measuring methods and instrumentation concerning 222Rn determination in drinking waters – RAD7 and LSC technique comparison

Stojković, Ivana; Tenjović, Branislava; Nikolov, Jovana; Vesković, M.; Mrđa, Dušan; Todorović, Nataša

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.01.028

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Under routine conditions the difference from a natural water sample with elevated radon concentration from Germany was up to 25%. Regarding comparison of emanometry to liquid scintillation counting our observations can support the results obtained by Stojkovic et al (2015) where emanometry (RAD7) has approximately 30% negative bias. We observed a systematic 10–25% of lower results from emanometry measurements than that of LSC.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Comprehensive study on the technical aspects of sampling, transporting and measuring radon-in-water

Jobbágy

Stroh

Marissens

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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The European Commission's Joint Research Centre organizes proficiency tests (PT) on radon-in-water measurements. In order to optimize sampling, transport and measurement methods many tests and small scale proficiency tests have been performed. The waters from natural springs, wells were sampled on-site in glass bottles then transported cooled to the JRC and collaborating laboratories. For the material characterization standard measurement methods based on gamma-ray spectrometry, emanometry and liquid scintillation counting were used. The influence of sampling, transport and sample handling on radon-loss was tested and quantified. It was observed that parameters like container material, filling height, storage temperature and handling can lead to substantial measurement bias due to radon-loss. This high risk for radon-loss from samples can potentially be a general radioprotection problem as doses to the public may be underestimated. Regular air and road transport can be considered adequate means of transport as they have little influence on radon-loss if a suitable glass sample container with flexible cap is used and that it is completely filled. On the basis of this work, modifications to the related standard as best practices are also proposed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Comprehensive study on the technical aspects of sampling, transporting and measuring radon-in-water

Jobbágy

Stroh

Marissens

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…Some previous studies (3, 4) reported that they measured radon in water when RAD7’s indicator showed the relative humidity should be 10% or below as instructed in the RAD7’s manual (5) . And Stojković et al (6) reported that the radon concentrations measured using RAD7 were lower than those measured using the LSC method when the relative humidity indicator of RAD7 showed 8% or below during the measurements. On the contrary, Somashekar and Ravikumar (7) indicated that it is also necessary to maintain the relative humidity indicator of RAD7 at 6% or below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Radon Air Monitor in the Measurement of Radon Concentration in Water in Comparison With a Liquid Scintillation Counter

Higuchi

Kamishiro

Ishihara

et al. 2019

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that the concentration of radon in water should be no more than 100 kBq m−3 (100 BqL−1) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission states that the limit of quantification (LOQ) of a method should be no more than one-fifth of this value. In this study, a degassing method with an RAD7 device was used to measure radon concentrations in water, compared to a liquid scintillation counter (LSC) method used as the reference, to investigate whether the numerical value of the LOQ of this method was more than 1/5 (20 kBq m–3) of 100 kBq m–3. The degassing method with leak prevention was shown to reach a target value of 20 kBq m−3 or less under a relative humidity of 6% or lower in the chamber of the RAD7 device. Accordingly, the RAD7 degassing method with leak prevention can be used to accurately measure radon concentrations in water within the guidance level set out by the WHO.

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“…Although Rn is Ra progeny, Ra/Rn ratio in groundwater is influenced by Ra concentration in the aquifer rock and Rn emanation coefficient (which depends on temperature and the permeability, organic component, grain size, several hundreds of Bq/L (16)(17)(18)(19). However, its natural 226 Ra content is negligible (~1 Bq/L) (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radium interference during radon measurements in water: comparison of one- and two-phase liquid scintillation counting

Stojković

Todorović

Nikolov

2021

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Assessment of radiation exposure to drinking, surface, and groundwater and of the associated health risks calls for accurate and precise 226Ra and 222Rn measurements. One method that fits the bill is liquid scintillation counting (LSC), which allows measurements in one-phase (homogenous) or two-phase samples. The aim of our study was to compare the measurement efficiency with both variations in Niška Banja spa water, known for its elevated 222Rn content to get a better insight into the stability and behaviour of the samples and 226Ra interference in samples spiked with 226Ra with 222Rn measurement. 226Ra interference was more evident in homogenous, one-phase and much lower in two-phase samples. However, one-phase samples offer more accurate indirect 226Ra measurements. Water-immiscible cocktails (in two-phase samples) have shown a limited capacity for receiving 222Rn generated by Ra decay from the aqueous to organic phase when 222Rn/226Ra equilibrium is reached. We have also learned that samples with naturally high 222Rn content should not be spiked with 226Ra activities higher than the ones found in native samples and that calibration of two-phase samples can be rather challenging if measurements span over longer time. Further research would require much lower 226Ra activities for spiking to provide more practical answers to questions arising from the demonstrated phenomena.

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Improvement of measuring methods and instrumentation concerning 222Rn determination in drinking waters – RAD7 and LSC technique comparison

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Comprehensive study on the technical aspects of sampling, transporting and measuring radon-in-water

Comprehensive study on the technical aspects of sampling, transporting and measuring radon-in-water

Evaluation of a Radon Air Monitor in the Measurement of Radon Concentration in Water in Comparison With a Liquid Scintillation Counter

Radium interference during radon measurements in water: comparison of one- and two-phase liquid scintillation counting

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