Improvement of ventilation efficiency by changing the shape of glass partition in bathroom of apartment house

Yang, Jeong-Hoon; Kim, Ok

doi:10.1177/1420326x16641313

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…After analyzing restrooms in 140 K-12 public schools in Taiwan, a representative model restroom with the following dimensions is selected as the study subject: 10.65 m × 9.2 m × 3.2 m (height) (Figure 1). In Figure 1c, 1 indicates the aisle in the restroom, 2 is the squatting toilet area in the women's restroom, and 3 is the urinal area in the men's restroom.…”

Section: Study Subjectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Taiwan, restrooms in K-12 public schools (kindergarten (K) and the 1st through the 12th grade (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)) are frequently accessed and are open to the public, which hinders their management. In particular, restrooms that have been in service for more than 20 years often exhibit problems, such as poor ventilation, inadequate lighting, outdated layouts and designs and limited toilet spaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first strategy achieved the best malodor removal. Yang and Kim [3] employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the effect of changing the glass partition shape in an apartment bathroom on the bathroom…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Ventilation Effectiveness of Awning Windows in Restrooms in K-12 Public Schools

et al. 2019

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Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study explores the effect of a different number of awning windows and their installation locations on the airflow patterns and air contaminant distributions in restrooms in K-12 (for kindergarten to 12th grade) public schools in Taiwan. A representative restroom configuration with dimensions of 10.65 m × 9.2 m × 3.2 m (height) was selected as the investigated object. Based on the façade design feasibility, seven possible awning window configurations were considered. The results indicate that an adequate number of windows and appropriate installation locations are required to ensure the natural ventilation effectiveness of awning windows. The recommended installation configuration is provided.

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Section: Study Subjectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Ventilation Effectiveness of Awning Windows in Restrooms in K-12 Public Schools

et al. 2019

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“…The results showed that the forced ceiling-supply and wallexhaust systems had the best odor removal effect among these strategies. Yang and Kim [3] applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the influence of changing the shape of the glass partition on the ventilation performance of an apartment restroom. The results indicated that the use of a glass partition design in a restroom with a shower and a toilet could contribute to good household hygiene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Ventilation of Toilet Units in K–12 School Restrooms Using CFD

Lin

2021

Energies

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In this study, the influence of architectural design parameters (the exterior window area, the wall height at a corridor-side, and the door gap of a toilet unit) on the airflow patterns and malodorous volatile substance (acetic acid) distributions within toilet units were investigated via computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with the restrooms in K–12 public schools (kindergarten through grade 12) of Taiwan as research objects. The results show that when there is a 2 m/s north wind in winter, all the cases exceed the required 12 air changes per hour (ACH), and most are above 43.75 ACH. When there is a 0.5 m/s south wind in summer, nearly half of the cases fail to reach 12 ACH. Maintaining an adequate natural ventilation rate and an acceptable level of odor pollution through passive design and architectural design is difficult. Thinking about how to improve the ventilation efficiency of toilet units with the aid of simple, appropriate, and energy-saving mechanical ventilation approaches is necessary.

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“…CFD software is also capable of analysing the air temperature and velocity profiles of the entire building space, including the evaluation of thermal comfort (Pichurov et al, 2014;Risberg et al, 2018). Building types that have been analysed using CFD include educational institutes (Stevanovic et al, 2016;Ghosh et al, 2016;Song and Meng, 2015), offices (Gangisetti et al, 2016;Zhai and Chen, 2006), dwellings (Prakash and Ravikumar, 2015; Barbason and Reiter, 2014;Yang and Kim, 2016) and others, which included naturally aired spaces of various functions (Hamzah et al, 2016;Hajdukiewicz et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2012). Models which represented the actual buildings or building spaces were developed, and all relevant environmental parameters that are essential for simulation purposes, which were either measured in situ or estimated based on the given values in building standards, were then incorporated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal comfort prediction of air-conditioned and passively cooled engineering testing centres in a higher educational institution using CFD

Kwong

Yang

Ling

et al. 2020

SASBE

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the thermal environment of two engineering testing centres cooled via different means using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), focussing on the indoor temperature and air movement. This computational technique has been used in the analysis of thermal environment in buildings where the profiles of thermal comfort parameters, such as air temperature and velocity, are studied.Design/methodology/approachA pilot survey was conducted at two engineering testing centres – a passively cooled workshop and an air-conditioned laboratory. Electronic sensors were used in addition to building design documentation to collect the required information for the CFD model–based prediction of air temperature and velocity distribution patterns for the laboratory and workshop. In the models, both laboratory and workshop were presumed to be fully occupied. The predictions were then compared to empirical data that were obtained from field measurements. Operative temperature and predicted mean vote (PMV)–predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) indices were calculated in each case in order to predict thermal comfort levels.FindingsThe simulated results indicated that the mean air temperatures of 21.5°C and 32.4°C in the laboratory and workshop, respectively, were in excess of the recommended thermal comfort ranges specified in MS1525, a local energy efficiency guideline for non-residential buildings. However, air velocities above 0.3 m/s were predicted in the two testing facilities, which would be acceptable to most occupants. Based on the calculated PMV derived from the CFD predictions, the thermal sensation of users of the air-conditioned laboratory was predicted as −1.7 where a “slightly cool” thermal experience would prevail, but machinery operators in the workshop would find their thermal environment too warm with an overall sensation score of 2.4. A comparison of the simulated and empirical results showed that the air temperatures were in good agreement with a percentage of difference below 2%. However, the level of correlation was not replicated for the air velocity results, owing to uncertainties in the selected boundary conditions, which was due to limitations in the measuring instrumentation used.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the varying designs, the simulated results of this study are only applicable to laboratory and workshop facilities located in the tropics.Practical implicationsThe results of this study will enable building services and air-conditioning engineers, especially those who are in charge of the air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system design and maintenance to have a better understanding of the thermal environment and comfort conditions in the testing facilities, leading to a more effective technical and managerial planning for an optimised thermal comfort management. The method of this work can be extended to the development of CFD models for other testing facilities in educational institutions.Social implicationsThe findings of this work are particularly useful for both industry and academia as the indoor environment of real engineering testing facilities were simulated and analysed. Students and staff in the higher educational institutions would benefit from the improved thermal comfort conditions in these facilities.Originality/valueFor the time being, CFD studies have been carried out to evaluate thermal comfort conditions in various building spaces. However, the information of thermal comfort in the engineering testing centres, of particular those in the hot–humid region are scantily available. The outcomes of this simulation work showed the usefulness of CFD in assisting the management of such facilities not only in the design of efficient ACMV systems but also in enhancing indoor thermal comfort.

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Improvement of ventilation efficiency by changing the shape of glass partition in bathroom of apartment house

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Natural Ventilation Effectiveness of Awning Windows in Restrooms in K-12 Public Schools

Natural Ventilation Effectiveness of Awning Windows in Restrooms in K-12 Public Schools

Natural Ventilation of Toilet Units in K–12 School Restrooms Using CFD

Thermal comfort prediction of air-conditioned and passively cooled engineering testing centres in a higher educational institution using CFD

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