Improving agricultural water use efficiency by nutrient management in crop plants

Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmad, Rashid; Ashraf, Muhammad; Saifullah, -; Ahmad, Manzoor

doi:10.1080/09064710.2010.491954

Cited by 155 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…It has been reported that Si causes an improvement of water use efficiency and stimulation of antioxidative defense system in winter wheat (Liang et al, 2008), Paspalum vaginatum (He et al, 2010) and cucumber leaves (Liu et al 2009). Increase in production of antioxidants and decline of ROS generation mediated by Si causes reduction of photo-oxidative damage, maintenance of chloroplast membranes integrity and thus enhancement of plants stress tolerance (Liang et al, 2008;Waraich et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous silicon leads to increased antioxidant capacity in freezing-stressed pistachio leaves

Habibi

2015

AAS

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Freezing stress limits photosynthesis and growth of plants. This may be attributed to the enhancement of freezingassociated oxidative damage. In this study, we followed precisely changes in the extent of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage in leaves of pistachio (Pistacia vera 'Ahmadaghaii') plants exposed to foliar-applied silicon (Si) under freezing stress. The foliar-applied Si decreased significantly damaging effects of cold on relative water content (RWC), accompanied by an increase in shoot fresh mass (SFM). In addition, pre-Si treatment caused a significant reduction of the leaf area lost by freezing. There was a remarkable increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity during recovery. Since leaf phenolic content was not affected by supplementary Si, the possibility that exogenously applied Si directly influences the activity of PAL seems thin. In the present work, freezing stress caused great membrane damage, as assessed by lipid peroxidation, but Si application significantly reduced the membrane damage because of an efficient scavenging by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). Under freezing, despite the increasing POD activity, Si-supplied plants accumulated the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) may act as a signal for recovery ability from freezing injury. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the percentage of necrotic leaf area. This study suggests that the possible mechanisms for Si enhanced freezing resistance may be attributed to the higher antioxidant defense activity and lower lipid peroxidation through leaf water retention, in addition to its role as a mere physical barrier.Key words: antioxidant enzymes, cold stress, Evans dye, hydrogen peroxide, phenylalanine ammonialyase, Pistacia vera, malondialdehyde, relative water content IZVLEČEK TRETIRANJE LISTOV PISTACIJE (Pistacia vera 'Ahmadaghaii') S SILICIJEM POVEČA NJIHOVO ANTIOKSIDATIVNO SPOSOBNOST V MRAZNEM STRESUMrazni stres omejuje fotosintezo in rast rastlin, kar lahko pripišemo povečanju oksidativnih poškodb zaradi zmrzovanja. V raziskavi sta bili spremljani peroksidacija lipidov in oksidativne poškodbe listov pistacije (Pistacia vera 'Ahmadaghaii') izpostavljenih mraznem stresu in foliarnem tretmaju s silicijem (Si). Foliarna uporaba silicija je značilno zmanjšala učinke mraza na ravni relativne vsebnosti vode (RWC), kar je povzročilo povečanje sveže mase poganjkov (SFM). Dodatno je predtretiranje s Si povzročilo značilno zmanjšanje izgube listne površine zaradi zmrzovana. Med okrevanjem po mraznem stresu je bila opazno povečana aktivnost fenilalanin amonik-liaze (PAL). Zaradi nespremenjene vsebnosti fenolov v listih po aplikaciji Si je maloverjetno, da bi foliarno dodani Si neposredno vplival na aktivnost PAL. Mrazni stres je povzročil velike poškodbe membran, ki so bile ocenjene s peroksidacijo lipidov, a jih je uporaba Si značilno zmanjšala zaradi učinkovitega antioksidativnega delovanja superoksid dismutaze (SOD) in peroksidaze (POD). Kljub ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous silicon leads to increased antioxidant capacity in freezing-stressed pistachio leaves

Habibi

2015

AAS

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“…For Sahelian conditions, Sivakumar and Salaam (1999) reported a 84 % increase of water use efficiency in millet (WUE, grain yield per mm rain), of which TE is an important component, due to the addition of mineral fertilizers. Therefore, under limited water supply, plant nutrients may play an important role in enhancing WUE (Waraich et al 2011), and more research is required to understand genotypic differences in TE under various levels of P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerant pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) varieties to low soil P have higher transpiration efficiency and lower flowering delay than sensitive ones

et al. 2014

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Tolerant pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) varieties to low soil P have higher transpiration efficiency and lower flowering delay than sensitive ones AbstractBackground and aim In the West African Sahel low soil phosphorus (P) and unpredictable rainfall are major interacting constraints to growth and grain yield of pearl millet. Investigating the relationship between transpiration and final yield under the combined effect of water and P stress is fundamental to understand the underlying mechanisms of tolerance and improve breeding programs. Methods We conducted two lysimeter trials using 1 m long PVC tubes (35 cm diameter) filled with a P poor Sahelian soil mimicking soil profiles to assess grain and stover yield, and water use of 15 pearl millet genotypes grown under different P (no P supply or addition of 1.5 g P tube) and water (well watered or terminal water stress) regimes. In experiment 2 transpiration was measured twice a week from tube weight differences, and transpiration efficiency (TE) was calculated as dry matter (DM) produced per kg of water transpired. Results Low soil P delayed flowering, and more so in sensitive genotypes. Later flowering of genotypes sensitive to low P made them more sensitive to terminal water stress. Under P limiting soil, genotypes tolerant and sensitive to low P used similar amounts of water (19.8 and 21.7 kg water plant −1 , respectively). However, tolerant lines transpired less water prior to anthesis (8.8 kg water plant −1 ) leaving more water available for grain filling (11 kg water plant −1 ) while sensitive lines used 14.4 kg water plant −1 pre-anthesis, leaving only 7.2 kg water plant −1 for grain filling. Low soil P decreased grain yield by affecting seed size at harvest and its damage during seed filling overrode the effect of seed size at sowing. Grain yield was positively correlated with water extracted after anthesis. TE was enhanced by P supply, especially in sensitive lines, and TE was higher in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes under low soil P. Conclusions Pearl millet plants tolerant to low P were more resistant to the delay of flowering caused by low P soil and they presented higher transpiration efficiency. The pattern of transpiration was important to cope with terminal water stress under different levels of P availability. Higher transpiration after anthesis, resulting from conservative water mechanism pre-anthesis (higher TE) and possibly by a shorter delay in flowering under low soil P, enhanced grain yield.

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“…This suggests that the effect of irrigation water, N or P was closely related to the ability of potato plant to utilize them from the soil. Waraich et al (2011) reported that when water inside the plant declines below a threshold level, stomata close and decrease transpiration rate resulting in reduction in water transport through the plant, consequently affecting roots ability to absorb water and nutrients as effectively as supposed to be done under normal transpiration. Therefore, it is possible that normal transpiration required certain amounts of irrigation water below which the high N or P rates cannot lead to greater potato growth and development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Seed Potato Leaf Area Index, Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Accumulation Efficiency through Irrigation Water, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrient Management

Kingori¹,

Nyamori²,

Khasungu³

2016

JAS

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A study was conducted in a Rainshelter (RTrial) at Horticultural Research and Teaching Farm, Egerton University to determine the effect of integration of irrigation water, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application on seed potato leaf area index (LAI), stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content. The treatments arranged in a split-split plot layout in a completely randomised block design, consisted of three irrigation water rates (40%, 65% and 100% field capacity), four N rates (0, 75, 112.5 and 150 kg N/ha) supplied as urea (46% N), and four P rates (0, 50.6, 75.9, 101.2 kg P/ha) supplied as triple superphosphate, replicated three times and repeated once. During the growth leaf area, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were measured. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significantly different means separated using Tukey's Studentized Range Test at P≤0.05. Leaf area index was greater with high irrigation water at 100%, N at 150 kg N/ha and P at 101.2 kg P/ha, which was 2.6 and 1.3 at 51 days after planting (DAP) and 3.5 and 3.1 at 64 DAP. Furthermore, low irrigation water rate at 40% together with low N and P rates of 0 kg N/ha and 0 kg P/ha had the least LAI, which was 0.28 and 0.19 at 51 DAP and 0.28 and 0.24 at 64 DAP both in RTrials I and II, respectively. Subjecting potato to 100% compared to 40% 16.2 and 16.5, 19.8 and 19.6, and 15 and 20.3, when integrated with high compared with low N and P application rates at 59, 73 and 87 DAP, in RTrials I and II respectively. Irrespective of N and P rates LAI, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were significantly greater with high irrigation water at 100% followed by 65% and was lowest with 40% irrigation water rate.

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Improving agricultural water use efficiency by nutrient management in crop plants

Cited by 155 publications

References 91 publications

Exogenous silicon leads to increased antioxidant capacity in freezing-stressed pistachio leaves

Exogenous silicon leads to increased antioxidant capacity in freezing-stressed pistachio leaves

Tolerant pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) varieties to low soil P have higher transpiration efficiency and lower flowering delay than sensitive ones

Improving Seed Potato Leaf Area Index, Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Accumulation Efficiency through Irrigation Water, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrient Management

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