The expansion of the scale of running a school in colleges and universities makes the course arrangement in colleges and universities face great challenges. Therefore, the improved GWO algorithm is used to study the process of setting up the algorithm in the college teaching management. Analyze the principle and process of GWO algorithm. On this basis, using chaos theory, the first gray wolf population of GWO algorithm is constructed using Chebyshev chaotic sequence, and Levi flight is used to improve the gray wolf position adjustment formula, which makes an improved GWO algorithm. Through simulation optimization for some school's teaching process, it is verified that the improved GWO algorithm avoids the algorithm from falling into the local optimization and achieves good results in setting up the curriculum resources. This study has certain value for optimizing the teaching process.