Improving carbon efficiency for an advanced Biomass-to-Liquid process using hydrogen and oxygen from electrolysis

Dossow, Marcel; Dieterich, Vincent; Hánel, Andreas; Spliethoff, Hartmut; Fendt, S.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111670

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In general, they showed that the combination of biomass and electricity as feedstock is superior in terms of CO 2 emissions compared to comparable processes only based on electricity. The lower CO 2 emissions of the PBtL path compared to the PtL path were also confirmed by Dossow et al (2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Biomass and Electricity-Based Ethanol Fuel Production

et al. 2022

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In order to limit climate change, fast greenhouse gas reductions are required already before 2030. Ethanol commonly produced by fermentation of sugars derived either from starch-based raw material such as corn, or lignocellulosic biomass is an established fuel decarbonizing the transport sector. We present a novel selective and flexible process concept for the production of ethanol with electricity and lignocellulosic biomass as main inputs. The process consists of several consecutive steps. First synthesis gas from gasification of biomass is purified by filtration and reforming and fed to methanol synthesis. The produced methanol is fed to acetic acid synthesis, together with a carbon monoxide-rich stream separated from the synthesis gas by membranes. Finally, acetic acid is hydrogenated to yield ethanol. With the exception of acetic acid hydrogenation, the overall process consists of technically mature subprocesses. Each process step was modelled in Aspen Plus to generate the mass and energy balances for the overall process. Additionally, the CO2 emissions and economic feasibility were assessed. Three separate cases were investigated. In the first two cases, the syngas carbon (CO and CO2) was split between methanol and acetic acid synthesis. The cases included either allothermal (case A) or electrically heated reforming (case B). In case C, maximum amount of CO was sent to acetic acid synthesis to maximize the acetic acid output, requiring a small additional carbon dioxide input to methanol synthesis. In all cases, additional hydrogen to methanol synthesis was provided by water electrolysis. Each case was designed at biomass input of 27.9 MW and the electrolyzer electricity requirement between 36 and 43.5 MW, depending on the case. The overall energy efficiency was calculated at 53–57%, and carbon efficiencies were above 90%. The lowest levelized cost of ethanol was 0.65 €/l, at biomass cost of 20 €/MWh and electricity cost of 45 €/MWh and production scale of approximately 42 kt ethanol per year. The levelized cost is competitive with the current biological route for lignocellulosic ethanol production. The ethanol price is very sensitive to the electricity cost, varying from 0.56 to 0.74 €/l at ±30% variation in electricity cost.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Biomass and Electricity-Based Ethanol Fuel Production

et al. 2022

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“…77 Using a detailed 0D model, Steinru ¨cken et al simulated an electrified BtX process using co-electrolysis for both parallel and an in-line process design. 124 The developed process model employing a SOEL at atmospheric pressure and 800 1C is based on their process model using H 2 addition before synthesis 102 as presented in Section 3.1.3. In co-electrolysis mode, the parallel process option uses a mixture of the light ends from FT and the CO 2 stream separated in AGR after gasification.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrification of gasification-based biomass-to-X processes – a critical review and in-depth assessment

Dossow,

Klüh,

Umeki

et al. 2024

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…The benefits and challenges of using a hydrogen quench were shown in several studies. [19][20][21]31,32,41,49 After the hydrogen quench, the produced syngas was cooled for further gas cleaning. In the plants using wheat straw (Figure 4), a ZnO/CuO fixed bed reactor was used to remove any sulfur compounds in the gas.…”

Section: Bamboo Gasification Using Pressurized Entrained Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many studies, it has been shown that the combination of biomass gasification and hydrogen addition through electrolysis is beneficial for increasing the carbon efficiency and energy efficiency of synthetic fuel production plants. These studies included the production of different synthetic fuels, such as synthetic natural gas (SNG), − methanol, − Fischer–Tropsch fuels, − and DME. , Some of these studies ,,− included a techno-economic assessment of the feasibility of fuel production systems combining biomass gasification and electrolytic hydrogen. Techno-economic studies of the production of DME from biomass gasification and electrolytic hydrogen are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Dimethyl Ether Production from Different Biomass Resources and Off-Grid Renewable Electricity

Kofler,

Campion,

Hillestad

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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To decrease the greenhouse gas emissions of the maritime transport sector, synthetic fuels produced by combining biomass gasification and electrolytic hydrogen have been identified as relevant alternatives to fossil fuels. Dimethyl ether (DME) is a synthetic fuel that is suitable for direct use in commercial diesel ship engines. In this work, the production of DME via two different synthesis routes (one-and two-stage DME synthesis) from agricultural residues (wheat straw) or forestry residues (bamboo) and renewable electricity was investigated. In the four investigated plants, solid oxide electrolysis cells were used to produce hydrogen. The DME production systems were designed to operate using only wind and solar electricity. The energy and carbon efficiencies of the plants were evaluated by using detailed thermodynamic models. The performance of the plants was fed into an optimization model, and the levelized cost of fuel (LCOF) was minimized by optimizing the size and hourly operation of the DME production systems, including the DME synthesis plant, solid oxide electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, solar and wind power production, and batteries. The results show that the systems using a two-stage synthesis achieve higher carbon and energy efficiencies than one-stage systems. However, the lowest LCOF of 115 €/MW h was reached by the plant using bamboo and a one-stage synthesis. This system had a hydrogen and electricity consumption of up to 45% lower than the alternative systems, leading to lower cost of the power supply, storage, and electrolysis units. A sensitivity analysis showed that the LCOF of the plants is highly sensitive to variations in the cost of electrolyzers, biomass, and the DME synthesis plant.

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Improving carbon efficiency for an advanced Biomass-to-Liquid process using hydrogen and oxygen from electrolysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 58 publications

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Biomass and Electricity-Based Ethanol Fuel Production

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Biomass and Electricity-Based Ethanol Fuel Production

Electrification of gasification-based biomass-to-X processes – a critical review and in-depth assessment

Techno-Economic Analysis of Dimethyl Ether Production from Different Biomass Resources and Off-Grid Renewable Electricity

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