Improving Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Efficacy on Breast Cancer Cells Control-Ability and Mortality Using Vitamin C and Static Magnetic Field

Abstract

Since the last decades, there have been numerous reports about the interaction of magnetic field (MF) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with the biological systems, separately. In this manuscript, we have investigated the combined effect of CAP with the static magnetic field (SMF) as an effective method for cancer cells treatment. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were cultured and treated with CAP in different input power and different exposure time in the presence and absence of the SMF. Vitamin C is used in medium, and cell viability is investigated in the presence and absence of this antioxidant compound. The MTT assay has been employed to measure cell survival, and then T-test and one-way ANOVA are used to assess the significance level of quantitative data. In order to determine the migration rate of cancer cells, wound healing assay has been carried out. Results show that presence of the SMF and vitamin C as well as increasing the input power has a significant role on the attenuation of the survival and migration rate of the cells. The results of the present investigation will greatly contribute to improve the CAP efficiency in cancer therapy through using the SMF and vitamin C as a complement to conventional CAP therapies.

The Influence of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Treated Media on the Cell Viability, Motility, and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Non-Metastatic (MCF7) and Metastatic (MDA-MB-231) Breast Cancer Cell Lines

“…From a long-term perspective, such application of magnetic nanoparticles inside tissues can, however, be hazardous because of the absorption of nanoparticles into the intracellular environment, especially in the case of lymphatic tissues of the intestine, which lead to the generation of the oxidative stress, cell destruction, and genotoxicity [ 9 ]. A remedy to this drawback could be the utilization of cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs), those being a new, very promising and effective treatment modality in breast cancer therapy [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Because hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), nitrate (NO 3 − ), nitrite (NO 2 − ), ammonia (NH 4 + ) ions, hydroxyl (OH • ), and hydrogen (H • ) radicals are produced during the CAPP operation with water or cell culture media [ 10 , 23 ], the CAPP-based approach is used in a wide range of applications such as wound healing [ 24 ], inactivation of parasites and foreign organisms [ 25 ], dentistry [ 26 ], seed germination [ 27 ], nanoparticles synthesis [ 28 ], blood coagulation [ 29 ], and so on. Concerning breast cancer therapy, several reaction-discharge systems have been developed and studied, including dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) [ 10 , 16 , 18 ], and radio-frequency discharge [ 22 ]. CAPP sources applied in these systems have been used for the direct [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] or indirect [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 20 ] treatment of cell lines.…”

“…Concerning breast cancer therapy, several reaction-discharge systems have been developed and studied, including dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) [ 10 , 16 , 18 ], and radio-frequency discharge [ 22 ]. CAPP sources applied in these systems have been used for the direct [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] or indirect [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 20 ] treatment of cell lines. In the first case, selected cell lines, i.e., MDA-MB-231 [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 20 , 22 ], MCF-7 [ 10 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 21 ], SKBR3 [ 15 ], AMN3 [ 21 ], AMJ13 [ 19 , 21 ], and MCF10A [ 11 , 18 ], were directly treated by proper CAPP sources for specific times.…”

“…CAPP sources applied in these systems have been used for the direct [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] or indirect [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 20 ] treatment of cell lines. In the first case, selected cell lines, i.e., MDA-MB-231 [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 20 , 22 ], MCF-7 [ 10 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 21 ], SKBR3 [ 15 ], AMN3 [ 21 ], AMJ13 [ 19 , 21 ], and MCF10A [ 11 , 18 ], were directly treated by proper CAPP sources for specific times. Next, the effect of such direct CAPP treatment on the cell lines’ viability was assessed; however, it exhibited some limitations, mostly related to its insufficient efficiency [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…In the first case, selected cell lines, i.e., MDA-MB-231 [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 20 , 22 ], MCF-7 [ 10 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 21 ], SKBR3 [ 15 ], AMN3 [ 21 ], AMJ13 [ 19 , 21 ], and MCF10A [ 11 , 18 ], were directly treated by proper CAPP sources for specific times. Next, the effect of such direct CAPP treatment on the cell lines’ viability was assessed; however, it exhibited some limitations, mostly related to its insufficient efficiency [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Additionally, in some cases, the application of the direct CAPP treatment on cell lines was restricted due to problems with the transportation of the whole reaction-discharge system to a place of cell line irradiation.…”