Improving color stabilization in thermally modified wood by pretreatment with aluminum sulfate vacuum impregnation

Liu, Qu; Qian, Jing; He, Luxi; He, Zhengbin; Sangbong, Yi

doi:10.1007/s00107-021-01760-9

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several studies have investigated the color change of thermally modified wood using different methods, temperatures, durations, atmospheres, and wood species. Qu et al [29] studied the color change of poplar (Populus euramericana cv.) wood modified by pretreatment with aluminum sulfate vacuum impregnation and thermal modification at 180 °C for 4 h. They found that the pretreatment improved the color stabilization of thermally modified wood by preventing the photooxidative degradation of lignin and extractives.…”

Section: Color Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and mechanical changes in thermal modified wood: A review

Hasanagić,

Fathi,

Hodžić

et al. 2023

Zaštita materijala

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In Europe, wood is a crucial construction material that has experienced a surge in use for building applications in recent years. To enhance its dimensional stability and durability, thermal modification is a widely accepted commercial technology. Thermal modification is a popular technique that alters the properties of wood, improving its resistance to decay and increasing its dimensional stability. The process involves heating wood to high temperatures under controlled conditions, leading to chemical reactions that result in various physical and mechanical changes. This paper will discuss the effects of thermal modification on the physical properties of wood, such as density, moisture content, and color, as well as its impact on the mechanical properties, including strength, stiffness, and hardness. Additionally, the review will examine the factors that influence the degree of modification, such as temperature, duration, and wood species. Finally, the paper will conclude with an overview of the current state of research in this field and identify potential avenues for future investigation.

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Section: Color Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and mechanical changes in thermal modified wood: A review

Hasanagić,

Fathi,

Hodžić

et al. 2023

Zaštita materijala

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“…The presence of acids, produced from acetyl groups on hemicelluloses, accelerates the degradation of polysaccharide components. , These acids can be generated or added using catalysts. Commonly used catalysts include AlCl 3 , , H 2 SO 4 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , ,− ZnCl 2 , , H 3 PO 4 , oligolactic acid, and citric acid . Catalyst pretreatment reduces available sorption sites through adsorption-bridge reactions between metal ions and polar groups, leading to improved dimensional stability and reduced equilibrium moisture content until a certain level of mass loss. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly used catalysts include AlCl 3 , , H 2 SO 4 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , ,− ZnCl 2 , , H 3 PO 4 , oligolactic acid, and citric acid . Catalyst pretreatment reduces available sorption sites through adsorption-bridge reactions between metal ions and polar groups, leading to improved dimensional stability and reduced equilibrium moisture content until a certain level of mass loss. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly used catalysts include AlCl 3 , 29,30 H 2 SO 4 , 31 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , 30,32−35 ZnCl 2 , 36,37 H 3 PO 4 , 38 oligolactic acid, 39 and citric acid. 40 Catalyst pretreatment reduces available sorption sites through adsorption-bridge reactions between metal ions and polar groups, 33 leading to improved dimensional stability and reduced equilibrium moisture content until a certain level of mass loss. 30,41 According to the literature, 42 heat-modifying 1 m 3 of pine wood requires approximately 3900−4720 kWh of cumulative energy, including a nonrenewable energy share of 280−560 kWh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat Modification of Chinese Fir Wood Catalyzed by Fly Ash under Mild Temperature

Zhan,

Jiang,

Shi

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Heat modification (HM) can enhance the physical and mechanical properties of wood, but conventional HM (CoHM) requires high temperatures (above 180 °C) and consumes significant energy. Herein, fly ash was impregnated into Chinese fir for catalytic degradation at mild temperatures (100, 120, and 140 °C). After combining impregnation and HM (Im-HM) at mild temperatures, fly ash was deposited as Si-and Alrelated floccules on the surface of the modified wood. These floccules accelerated the degradation of hemicellulose, resulting in weight loss percentages (1.85−5.21%) similar to those achieved with CoHM treatment at 160, 180, or 200 °C. The chromaticity of the Im-HM samples approached that of the CoHM samples when treated at 200 and 220 °C. The Im-HM treatment also improved the water resistance and dimensional stability of the wood. The antiswelling efficiency of the Im-HM samples (16.50−33.80%) exceeded that of the CoHM samples modified at or below 180 °C (≤16.31%). The hydrophobicity of the wood was associated with the Im-HM temperature and duration. A greater hydrophobicity was obtained at higher temperatures or longer durations. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of catalytic degradation through fly ash impregnation, which offers a potential method for producing sustainable wood products with enhanced properties.

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