Improving Combustion Technology for Cooking Activities for Pollutant Emission Reduction and Carbon Neutrality

Abstract

Inefficient residential solid fuel combustion contributes significantly to ambient and indoor air pollutants. It consumes large quantities of fuel and produces harmful effects on health. Improvements in residential biomass cooking stoves have great potential for energy savings and emission reduction. This study presents an advanced biomass gasifier cooking stove to overcome the disadvantages of high-pollutant emissions from widely used stoves in China. The most innovative features of the stove are (1) negative pressure produced by a jet fan located at the junction of the chimney, and (2) combustion and carbonization processes taking place in the same chamber. Compared with a traditional chimney stove, the advanced biomass gasifier cooking stove presented higher TE (thermal efficiency) and comprehensively lower pollutant emissions when raw crop straws, crop straw briquettes, and pellets were burned in it. Approximately 40% CO2 and 90% of PM2.5 (the aerodynamic diameter was less than or equal to 2.5 μm) EFs (emission factors) were eliminated, and TE drastically tripled. Furthermore, biomass briquette/pellet was identified as more suitable than raw biomass as a fuel to be burned in the new stove, especially because the raw biomass displayed an increase in the EFs of As, Se, and Pb when burned in the new stove. The advancement in biomass cooking stove technology is a practical approach to reducing the emissions of CO2, PM2.5, and other hazardous pollutants.

The Determination of Combustion for Different Pellets Based on Ostwald Diagrams in a Domestic Stove under Experimental Conditions

“…As previously explained, the role of a combustion process is vital to increasing the efficiency of domestic or industrial stoves and, subsequently, the sustainability of the process, reducing the amounts of pollutants released into the atmosphere, depending on factors such as biomass composition [21,22], previous conditions [23], stove design (including its evolution to improve performance) [24][25][26], or burning conditions [27][28][29]. Thus, some studies have previously dealt with this subject, as can be observed in Table 1.…”

“…Finally, according to Figure 19, increasing the feeding rate showed similar results compared to the previously tested pellets, although a constant CO percentage, along with a lower increase in exhaust gas temperature when the pellet feed was at 125%, implied a higher yield for poplar pellet combustion. It should be noted that the behaviors of different kinds of biomass could be different in some aspects, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide emissions, depending on their composition and disposition (raw, briquette, or pellet) [22,28,48]. Finally, according to Figure 19, increasing the feeding rate showed similar results compared to the previously tested pellets, although a constant CO percentage, along with a lower increase in exhaust gas temperature when the pellet feed was at 125%, implied a higher yield for poplar pellet combustion.…”

“…Finally, according to Figure 19, increasing the feeding rate showed similar results compared to the previously tested pellets, although a constant CO percentage, along with a lower increase in exhaust gas temperature when the pellet feed was at 125%, implied a higher yield for poplar pellet combustion. It should be noted that the behaviors of different kinds of biomass could be different in some aspects, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide emissions, depending on their composition and disposition (raw, briquette, or pellet) [22,28,48]. If the different biomass products are compared at their optimum conditions (that is, P = 5 and +125% biomass for pine; P = 4 and +125% biomass for plum tree; and P = 3 and +125% biomass for poplar), interesting results can be found, like the higher carbon dioxide emission for pine pellets (8.96% on average, although similar to poplar, with 8.28%, and higher than plum tree, with 6.71%), whereas the exhaust gas temperature was similar (113.1 °C) to that of poplar pellets (115.6 °C), with a lower value for plum tree pellets (91.7 °C).…”

Impact of Indoor Air Pollution in Pakistan—Causes and Management

“…Pakistan is a predominantly rural country having an average family size of five to seven members [84]. As per an estimate, about 90% of the rural and 50% of the urban population rely on biomass fuels in Pakistan [85][86][87]. However, this consumption was decreased for the population with improved income and economic conditions [88].…”