Improving Concussion Reporting across National College Athletic Association Divisions Using a Theory-Based, Data-Driven, Multimedia Concussion Education Intervention

Schmidt, Julianne D.; Weber, Melanie; Suggs, David Welch; Bierema, Laura L.; Miller, L. Stephen; Reifsteck, Fred; Courson, Ron; Hoff, Russel; Dill, Karli; Dunham, John Dudley

doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6637

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…6,13,14,16 The purpose of concussion education remains to improve concussion knowledge and care-seeking/disclosure behaviors as a way to improve overall outcomes after injury. 6,9,10 The mean concussion knowledge for all student-athletes included in the analyses was 33.3/39±5.3, a result which was consistent with previous studies. 8,15 In addition, the mean concussion knowledge for student-athletes with a single exposure to concussion education was 33.4/39±4.7…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S T Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Previous literature suggests that most current prescribed concussion education sources are not significantly impacting concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors. 10,14,29 Student-athletes in the current study were reporting based on previous education exposures, which could provide further evidence regarding the lack of salience that exists surrounding the current education sources. In addition, this could also explain the current findings surrounding the education source exposure number as, even though student-athletes were exposed to more education, they might not have been exposed to impactful sources.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S T Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Student-athletes in the theory-based group had greater odds of reporting improved concussion knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and reporting intentions. 10 These findings indicate that not only does education matter in improving care-seeking/disclosure behaviors, but the type of educational content and delivery is important to truly impact those behaviors; further emphasizing the need for theory-based educational sources.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S T Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceived social norms are a key factor when looking at concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors. 3,[5][6][7][8][9][10]19 Social and sport culture, especially at the collegiate level, has a major impact on decision making and overall behaviors of student-athletes. 5,26 Therefore, new concussion education strategies are now focused on utilizing theory-based approaches, including the Theory of Planned Behavior 27,28 and Social Norms Theory, 19 as a way to improve misperceptions surrounding concussion careseeking/disclosure behaviors.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S T Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,[5][6][7][8][9] Furthermore, current research supports utilizing concussion education to improve concussion knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms, which, in turn, may improve timely care-seeking post-concussion. 6,9,10 The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) requires dissemination of concussion education materials to all Division I, II, and III student-athletes each year. 11 However, the mode and type of education remains at the institution's discretion.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S T Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Previous Concussion Education and Concussion Care-Seeking Outcomes among NCAA Division I Student-Athletes

Callahan

Kay

Kerr

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: There are limited data concerning differences in concussion education exposure and how education exposures relates to care-seeking and symptom disclosure, specifically in Division I student-athletes. Objective: Investigate demographic characteristics associated with concussion education exposure and examine whether overall education exposure (yes vs. no) and education source exposure number (multiple sources vs. single source) affects concussion care-seeking and disclosure factors in Division I student-athletes. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Classroom or online. Participants: NCAA Division I student-athletes (n=341). Main Outcome Measure(s): Frequencies and proportions were computed for sex, race, school year, sport, and concussion history across concussion education groups. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) quantified the association between student-athlete characteristics and 1) overall concussion education exposure and 2) source exposure number. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimated adjusted mean differences (MD) and 95%CI to assess differences in concussion knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms relative to concussion education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimated adjusted PRs and 95%CI to assess associations of intention, perceived control, and care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and overall concussion education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. All models controlled for sex, sport, and concussion history. Results: Overall, n=276 (80.9%) reported previous concussion education, with 179 (64.9%) exposed to multiple sources. Student-athletes that participated in a contact sport (adjusted PR=1.24, 95%CI=1.06,1.44) and those who had a concussion history (adjusted PR=1.19, 95%CI=1.09,1.31) had higher prevalence of previous concussion education exposure. Females had a lower prevalence of reporting multiple sources (adjusted PR=0.82, 95%CI=0.68, 0.99). Overall concussion education exposure was significantly associated with more favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion care-seeking (adjusted MD=1.37, 95%CI=0.13,2.61). Conclusions: Findings highlight potential differences in overall concussion education exposure and provide clinicians with information on groups who may benefit from targeted additional education.

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