Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept

Wojnicki, Igor; Kotulski, Leszek

doi:10.3390/en11020402

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Optimization of lighting design and management, in particular, is improving the design process [8][9][10], or introducting a dynamic control based on real-time data from sensors, e.g., traffic intensity [11][12][13], supported by mathematical models [14].…”

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Comparative Study of Road Lighting Efficiency in the Context of CEN/TR 13201 2004 and 2014 Lighting Standards and Dynamic Control

2019

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This paper presents a comparative study of differences in energy consumption while applying 2004 and 2014 releases of the CEN/TR 13201 standard for lighting designs. Street lighting optimal design and its optimization is discussed. To provide a reliable comparison, optimal designs for a given representative set of streets were calculated. The optimization was performed by newly developed software. As a test bed, a set of streets was selected with varying physical and traffic characteristics. The energy consumption was measured on the same set of streets both statically, which assumed the same lighting levels throughout night, and with a dynamic control, which adjusted lighting based on traffic intensity. For experiments with the dynamic control, one year of traffic intensity data were used. The findings confirm increased economical impact of dynamic control for the 2014 standard, which results in significant energy saving.

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Comparative Study of Road Lighting Efficiency in the Context of CEN/TR 13201 2004 and 2014 Lighting Standards and Dynamic Control

2019

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“…Several studies focused on energy management in smart cities [25]. Wojnicki and Kotulski [26] proposed an outdoor lighting control system for smart cities. An activity-aware system to automate building systems in smart cities was developed in [27].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Zoning, Land-Use Allocation and Facility Location Optimisation in Smart Cities

et al. 2019

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Many cities around the world are facing immense pressure due to the expediting growth rates in urban population levels. The notion of 'smart cities' has been proposed as a solution to enhance the sustainability of cities through effective urban management of governance, energy and transportation. The research presented herein examines the applicability of a mathematical framework to enhance the sustainability of decisions involved in zoning, land-use allocation and facility location within smart cities. In particular, a mathematical optimisation framework is proposed, which links through with other platforms in city settings, for optimising the zoning, land-use allocation, location of new buildings and the investment decisions made regarding infrastructure works in smart cities. Multiple objective functions are formulated to optimise social, economic and environmental considerations in the urban space. The impact on underlying traffic of location choices made for the newly introduced buildings is accounted for through optimised assignment of traffic to the underlying network. A case example on urban planning and infrastructure development within a smart city is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.Energies 2019, 12, 1318 2 of 23 increasingly reflected in the operations of existing cities, resulting in an interrelated platform between large numbers of citizens, transport networks, services and urban assets and facilities [9].Decision-making in planning and operations of smart cities needs to be structured around two main considerations, namely strategic and tactical decisions [10]. Yet, current emphasis in the literature is on the technical interfaces making up the various data-exchange enabling platforms placed within the cities, with little emphasis on the strategic and tactical urban planning aspects of smart cities. Within the area of strategic decision-making in city planning, zoning of the city and the location of its operating facilities, including schools, hospitals and so forth, are both of significant relevance [11]. An appropriate selection of zone clusters and the subsequent selection of locations to place buildings in form the main components that are involved in city design. In cities, the positioning of new buildings leads to the generation of traffic demand in the existing network structure [12]. This causes additional traffic loadings on the existing network, and if not well planned for, can result in major transportation delays to network users. Traffic congestion is thought to result in over $121 billion in losses [13] and can increase the amount of carbon emissions from traffic by more than 53% [14]. Another important strategic consideration is the development of the underlying travel network of the region. Specifically, the development of the transport network will be based on the capacities required to handle the initiated travel on the transport networks, while the operations of the network will in turn be associated with the established capacity of the network, along...

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“…There are papers concerning software/cloud-computing issues in smart city scenarios [44][45][46], others focusing on energy efficiency [47][48][49][50][51][52], as well as paper presenting smart lighting solutions based on specific communication technologies [53][54][55][56][57]. Photometric computations have been also addressed to achieve substantial power savings [58,59], whereas a formal model based on graph theory aimed at incorporating knowledge regarding multiple sensors into the lighting control model is proposed in [60].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Deployment and Evolution of Heterogeneous Smart Public Lighting Systems

Pasolini

Toppan²,

Zabini

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Street lighting characterizes many smart city initiatives around the world. In fact, significant savings can be achieved by not only replacing traditional luminaires with low-power LEDs, but also providing streetlights with smart light controllers and network connectivity, allowing the introduction of a sensible light intensity management and reduction of maintenance costs. Moreover, if designed with a far-looking view, smart lighting infrastructure could also support city-wide Internet of Things services, becoming key enablers of the smart city revolution, also in the 5G perspective. In this paper, we provide a thorough discussion on network architectures and communication technologies that could be adopted for smart public lighting applications, showing their benefits and downsides. Starting with significant activity on research, implementation and in-field testing, we also outline the steps required for the deployment of a smart public lighting infrastructure, each discussed in accordance with the network topology considered. Finally, we introduce some additional services that a smart public lighting infrastructure could support and discuss the benefits that would arise from integration with the upcoming 5G cellular network.In this framework, the momentum for smart public lighting is mounting, as several trials and large-scale implementations showed their effectiveness [5]. In particular, LED fixtures are expected to dramatically reduce urban electricity costs, now due to street lighting for a share of 40% [6]. Smart luminaires will dynamically adapt lighting to actual needs, for instance lowering the lumen output when there are low traffic volumes and good visibility conditions are detected.Important references in this regard are the "GPP Revision of the EU Green Public Procurement Criteria for Road Lighting and traffic signals" [7], authored by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and the CEN/TR 13201 lighting standards [8][9][10][11][12], which define how to properly design lighting systems. As reported in Reference [7], "due to the multiple benefits of dimming, dimming controls must be installed in all cases unless, in exceptional circumstances, it can be demonstrated that the total cost of ownership would increase by installing dimming controls. The EN 13201 standard itself [8][9][10][11][12] recognizes that the required lighting levels are dynamic in nature and an appropriate lighting level at all times can only be ensured with adequate dimming control during off-peak hours. Dimming has obvious environmental benefits via lower energy consumption and reduced light pollution. Furthermore, dimming can enhance the lifetime of LED luminaires due to a reduced risk of overheating, which is the principal cause of abrupt LED failure." In this regard, results from a global trial of LED streetlights show that, when coupled with smart controls, LED fixtures can deliver electricity savings of up to 80% over classic lighting technologies [13].Beyond energy savings, since each smart streetlight n...

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Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Comparative Study of Road Lighting Efficiency in the Context of CEN/TR 13201 2004 and 2014 Lighting Standards and Dynamic Control

Comparative Study of Road Lighting Efficiency in the Context of CEN/TR 13201 2004 and 2014 Lighting Standards and Dynamic Control

Sustainable Zoning, Land-Use Allocation and Facility Location Optimisation in Smart Cities

Design, Deployment and Evolution of Heterogeneous Smart Public Lighting Systems

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