Improving detection window of scopolamine

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016–2019

“…Scopolamine: 2016 scopolamine synthesized from over-the-counter butylscopolamine (Buscopan (R)) [ 431 ]; 2017 FRET-based optical nanobiosensor to detect scopolamine in natural and transgenic hairy roots extracts of Atropa belladonna [ 432 ]; detection of Scopolamine Hydrobromide via SERS [ 433 ]; determination of atropine and scopolamine in buckwheat and related products using modified QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS [ 434 ]; 2018 detection of scopolamine and atropine in organic buckwheat (Fagopyron esculentum L.) products by UHPLC-MS/MS [ 435 ]; improving detection window of scopolamine [ 436 ]; 2019 Structural, FT-IR, FT-Raman and ECD studies on the free base, cationic and hydrobromide species of scopolamine alkaloid [ 437 ]; isolation and structural elucidation of scopolamine as a secondary metabolite of Hyoscyamus albus using (UV, IR, NMR, and EI-MS) [ 438 ]; TLC-ESI/MS method for scanning and characterizing chemical compounds including scopolamine and norscopolamine on the TLC plates [ 439 ]; batch injection analysis with square wave voltammetric for screening and detection of Scopolamine in beverages (beer, coke, energy drink, sugarcane spirit, vodka, and whisky) [ 440 ]; modified QuEChERS method coupled with LC-ESI+/MS-MS for the simultaneous detection and quantification of three botanical alkaloids including scopolamine, L-hyoscyamine, and sparteine residues [ 441 ].…”

Electrochemiluminescent sensors as a screening strategy for psychoactive substances within biological matrices

“…These properties are likely related to the recent increase in the use of scopolamine for drug facilitate crimes, including sexual assaults, robberies and attempted murder. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Scopolamine's often unknown toxicity poses an increased risk to the user, with unintentional poisonings and fatalities commonly reported despite the low amounts consumed. This was apparent in 2009, when an epidemic of scopolamine poisonings were reported in Oslo after the date-rape drug Rohypnol was adulterated with the tropane alkaloid; 17 in 2018, a number of drug facilitate crimes in Spain were also found to involve scopolamine.…”

“…19 Furthermore, the use of scopolamine as an incapacitating drug has been utilised among the South-America countries for decades. [13][14][15][16][17] Scopolamine's reported half-life is approximately 1 hour, reaching its maximum concentration approximately 20 minutes after ingestion of a therapeutic dose, equivalent to a 0.5 mg tablet. 20 One of the significant challenges when investigating the use of illicit substances within criminal activity, such as drug facilitated sexual assault, is the rapid metabolism and excretion of the compounds, making their detection after the matter extremely challenging.…”

“…Despite limited human studies on the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of scopolamine, it has been detected within the urine of different mammals between 24 to 106 hours following ingestion with a wide range of dosage percentages observed across different species. 14,20,21 However, these animal studies fail to provide the required knowledge on the excretion and metabolism pathways of scopolamine. 14,20,21 The few human studies available indicate that scopolamine is rapidly removed from the blood and distributed around the body prior to liver metabolism, where less than 5% of the parent compound is renally excreted with, on average, an 8-hour half-life.…”

“…14,20,21 However, these animal studies fail to provide the required knowledge on the excretion and metabolism pathways of scopolamine. 14,20,21 The few human studies available indicate that scopolamine is rapidly removed from the blood and distributed around the body prior to liver metabolism, where less than 5% of the parent compound is renally excreted with, on average, an 8-hour half-life. Secondary drug excretion of scopolamine is suspected with reports of the parent compound found within hair, faeces and breath.…”