Improving performance of emergency escape ramps (EERs)

Besiktepe, Deniz; Valdes-Vasquez, Rodolfo; Strong, Kelly C.; Shuler, Scott

doi:10.1080/19439962.2020.1796864

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[17][18][19][20]. Emergency escape ramps often exist because of freight trucks and in the event that the brakes fail, and vehicles such as empty trucks, other light trucks, and passing cars that may enter the ramps can cause improper use of ramps [21][22][23]. In the maintenance of emergency escape ramps, items such as material granulation, wheel path, guardrails, and lights should also be controlled [14,24,25].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location of Emergency Escape Ramps on Two-Lane Rural Highways Based on the Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Method

Heidarian

Kordani

Sarkar

et al. 2022

Journal of Engineering

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Today, the lack of practical research is one of the most important concerns worldwide, and location, which is an important issue in most projects, has received less attention from experts. In this study, the location criteria of emergency escape ramps were examined, and according to the Myers formula, the temperature-distance diagram along the route was obtained. Also, the speed of vehicles entering the escape ramp was examined according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in the proposed options that were obtained from the experts. Then, 3 general criteria and 16 subcriteria were classified, and finally, the importance of criteria was examined by the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP), and the high-priority options were illustrated using the fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS). The proposed options were evaluated and prioritized for an emergency escape ramp on the two-lane rural highways of Salavat Abad village pass of Sanandaj city, Kurdistan Province, Iran. The results showed that the technical criteria with more than 69% among the general criteria and subcriteria of the percentage of longitudinal slope, longitudinal slope length, and vehicle design speed were the most important factors influencing the location of an emergency escape ramp. Moreover, among the proposed options, the four options 3, 4, 5, and 6 had the highest score, and option 6 (Kurkur turn (2)) was identified as the most priority location for implementing the emergency escape ramp.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location of Emergency Escape Ramps on Two-Lane Rural Highways Based on the Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Method

Heidarian

Kordani

Sarkar

et al. 2022

Journal of Engineering

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“…A truck escape ramp (TER) refers to a designated lane constructed on the outer side of the roadway that is specifically designed for vehicles experiencing braking failures to exit, decelerate, stop, and self-rescue (Figure 1) [1][2][3]. The primary mechanism of TER involves utilising the resistance produced between the truck tyres and the braking surface, typically consisting of pebbles, to effectively decelerate the vehicle [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influence of Varied Particle Sizes on the Load-Bearing Properties of Arrester Bed Aggregates

Liu,

Bai

2024

Materials

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This study employs the discrete element method to investigate the influence of particle size on the load-bearing characteristics of aggregates, with a specific emphasis on the aggregates used in escape ramp arrester beds. This study utilises the log edge detection algorithm to introduce an innovative approach for modelling irregularly shaped pebbles, integrating their physical properties into a comprehensive discrete element model to enhance the accuracy and applicability of simulations involving such pebbles. Meticulous validation and parameter calibration (friction coefficient: 0.37, maximum RMSE: 3.43) confirm the accuracy of the simulations and facilitate an in-depth examination of the mechanical interactions between aggregate particles at macroscopic and microscopic scales. The findings reveal a significant relationship between the particle size and load-bearing capacity of aggregates. Smaller pebbles, which are more flexible under pressure, can be packed more densely, thereby improving the distribution of vertical forces and increasing the concentration of local stress. This enhancement substantially increases the overall load-bearing capacity of aggregates. These discoveries hold significant implications for engineering practices, particularly in the optimisation of safety for truck escape ramps and in identifying the ideal sizes of pebbles with irregular shapes.

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“…As an auxiliary road, the truck escape ramp is used to enable the brake-failure trucks drive away from the main road in the mountainous area and slow down till stop. 1 , 2 When a truck is driving on a continuous downgrade road in mountainous area, the risk of having an accident is significantly higher than on flat road. 3 Frequent brakes will cause the brake failure due to excessively high temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation research on the protection performance of fall protection net at the end of truck escape ramp

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Although the fall protection net installed at the end of the truck escape ramp has a protective effect on trucks and drivers, but lacks sufficient theoretical basis and verification method. Objectives: The primary objective of this paper was to design a fall protection net that meets the regulations and research its protection performance. Methods: The finite-element method was used to design the overall size, material, mesh length, mesh type, shape, and supporting structure of the fall protection net installed at the end of truck escape ramp, then dummy and truck models were used to impact the fall protection net to verify the rationality of the design. After the design completed, the truck model was used to impact the fall protection net twice to research the cumulative protection performance. Results: A fall protection net with a width of 6000 mm, a span of 6000 mm, a depth of 5196 mm, a mesh length of 150 mm, a mesh type of diamond mesh, a shape of 60-degree V-shaped, a supporting structure of steel pipe supporting has a better effect on energy absorption and protection. Within the two consecutive impacts, the residual plastic deformation and stress of the fall protection net generated in the first impact severely affect the protection performance in the second impact. Conclusion: It is feasible to use the finite-element method to design and research the fall prevention net installed at the end of the truck escape ramp, and the fall protection net can indeed protect the trucks and drivers, and it should be inspected and maintained after impact to ensure the protective performance in subsequent use.

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Improving performance of emergency escape ramps (EERs)

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Location of Emergency Escape Ramps on Two-Lane Rural Highways Based on the Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Method

Location of Emergency Escape Ramps on Two-Lane Rural Highways Based on the Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Method

Investigating the Influence of Varied Particle Sizes on the Load-Bearing Properties of Arrester Bed Aggregates

Simulation research on the protection performance of fall protection net at the end of truck escape ramp

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