“…When each study was analyzed, STS approach had been to have a large and positive impact on students' critical thinking ability (Astuti et al, 2019;), scientific attitudes (Astuti et al, 2019;, interest in learning (Igboanugo, 2021;), ability to apply scientific concepts (Kapici et al, 2017), scientific learning (Poluakan et al, 2020, scientific literacy (Pratama et al, 2018;Prasasti & Listiani, 2019), scientific skills (Prasasti & Listiani, 2019), motivation (Priyambodo, Sukirno et al, 2021), and learning outcomes (Putra, 2021;Widiastuti & Purnawijaya, 2021). Medium effect sizes were observed in the studies of Budi et al (2018) and on students' critical thinking skills.…”