Improving the crosslink density and the mechanical properties after vulcanization for an iron oxide layer (scale) and SBR/rubber masterbatch

Abstract

In this study iron oxide layers (IOLs) formed on the surfaces of ingots during a rolling process were supplemented into stiren-butadiene rubber (SBR) based on a referenced rubber-back composition of 5-10-15-20 %, and accordingly five different samples were prepared. After vulcanization, the hardness, density, abrasion loss, tensile strength, percentage elongation, tearing strength and crosslink densities were measured. In addition to that, the effects of the crosslink density on the mechanical properties are discussed. The properties of the generated new compounds are comparatively discussed, both with respect to themselves and with those of the referenced rubber. It was observed that the iron oxide layer significantly reduces the cost of compound, and increases the wearing resistance with the increasing of the crosslink density, and provides an advantage for the properties of hardness, tensile strength, tearing strength and percentage elongation. In order to explain the changes in the mechanical properties, the fracture surfaces were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). When the SEM images are examined, it is seen that the filler dispersion in the rubber matrix is adversely affected by its increasing amount. The improved materials are discussed in terms of their usability in outsole applications. Keywords: compound, mechanical properties, iron oxide layer, crosslink V prispevku avtor predstavlja {tudijo priprave kompozitov na osnovi stiren-butadienske gume (SBR), kateri je bil kot oja~itvena faza dodan`elezov oksid (IOL), ki nastaja kot {kaja na povr{ini ingotov med postopkom vro~ega valjanja. Pripravili so pet razli~nih me{anic s (5, 10, 15 in 20) %, IOL. Po vulkanizaciji so dolo~ili trdoto, odpornost proti abrazijski obrabi, gostoto, natezno trdnost, raztezek, stri`no trdnost in gostoto pre~nega zamre`enja. Dodatno so analizirali vpliv gostote pre~nega zamre`enja na mehanske lastnosti. Lastnosti novih kompozitov so primerjali med seboj in z referen~no osnovo (~isto SBR, brez dodatka polnila). Ugotovili so, da IOL pomembno zmanj{a ceno kompozita, izbolj{a odpornost proti obrabi s pove~anjem gostote pre~nega zamre`enja, kakor tudi druge lastnosti, kot so: trdota, natezna in stri`na trdnost ter raztezek. Da bi razlo`ili spremembe mehanskih lastnosti izdelanih kompozitov, so okarakterizirali prelomne povr{ine z vrsti~nim elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM) in energijsko disperzijsko spektroskopijo (EDS). Na osnovi SEM posnetkov avtorji ugotavljajo, da porazdelitev polnila oz. njegova disperzija v matrici gume, u~inkuje sorazmerno z nara{~ajo~im dele`em polnila. Avtorji v zaklju~ku {e ugotavljajo, kak{na je uporabnost teh kompozitov v~evljarstvu za izdelavo podplatov. Klju~ne besede: spojina, mehanske lastnosti, plast`elezovega oksida, pre~no zamre`enje

The crosslinking and mechanical properties of SBR compounds with the addition of carburized pine nut cone ash

“…The mechanical properties of rubber compounds depend on many factors, for example , the chemical structure of the rubber matrix, the type and ratio of the fillers, the amount and type of cross-linker, the degree of crosslinking, the dispersion of cross-linkers, and the vulcanization conditions. 25 In this study, the mechanical properties in the presence of PNCA were evaluated by associating them with crosslink density.…”

“…It was reported that the iron oxide layer drastically reduced the cost of the pulp, caused an increase in wear resistance with an increased crosslink density, and provided advantages in some of the mechanical properties. 25…”

“…It was reported that the iron oxide layer drastically reduced the cost of the pulp, caused an increase in wear resistance with an increased crosslink density, and provided advantages in some of the mechanical properties. 25 As can be seen in literature studies, the use of organic materials as fillers is not a new approach. However, due to its contribution to the economy, the recycling of waste materials that can be considered alternative fillers, as well as conducting such studies to prevent environmental pollution, have become compulsory.…”

Investigation of the usability of activated carbon as a filling material in nitrile butadiene rubber/natural rubber components and modeling by regression analysis

“…This situation makes it important to carefully select the filler used and to conduct additional studies to improve the properties of the fillers. 9,10 Carbon black obtained from fossil fuel sources is commonly used as a filling material in rubber production. With carbon black, both the production cost is reduced and the mechanical properties are improved.…”

Termik Santral Atığı Olan Kömür Külünün SBR Matrisli Bileşiklere İlave Edilmesinin Mekanik Özelliklere Etkisi

“…Bu nedenle kauçuk endüstrisinde birçok organik ve inorganik malzemenin dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılmasının önemli olduğunu vurgulayan çalışmalar vardır [20]. Birçok bilim insanı yaptığı çalışmalarda, tarımsal ve endüstriyel atıklarının geri dönüşümünün önemli olduğunu rapor etmişlerdir [21][22][23][24][25].…”