Improving the Efficiency of Oat Cultivation Technologies in the Central Non-Black Earth Region of Russia

Abstract

The research aim was to study the peculiarities of the formation of productivity of current varieties of oats of domestic selection (Argamak, Krechet, Yakov) when grown on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition (1-natural fertility (without fertilizers), 2 – N16P16K16 when sown +N45 in the feeding (tillering phase), 3 – N16P16K16 during sowing +N90 in feeding) and foliar treatments in the tillering phase with humic preparation Humate+7; give recommendations to the production based on the results obtained. Comprehensive research was conducted in 2018–2020 on the fields of the Educational Scientific and Innovative Production Center “Agrotechnopark” of the Tver State Agricultural Academy. Field and laboratory researches of photosynthetic activity indicators, crop structure, yield accounting, grain quality, mathematical processing of the results were carried out according to well-tested methods in agriculture. It was found that the greatest responsiveness to the applied fertilizers was distinguished by seed oats of the Yakov variety. The crops of this variety were obtained with foliar treatment at the tillering stage with a 1% working solution of Humate+7 against the background of application of N16P16K16 at sowing and N90 in feeding grain yield. It is equal to 4.77 t/ha with the greatest grain in the experience – 559 g/l (which corresponds to the grain of the 1st class), and the lowest filminess is 23.4%. These features of the fertilizer system had a positive effect on the crops of all the studied varieties of oats. That allows us to recommend their production as the most promising. At the same time, it is worth noting that non-root feeding with Humate+7 is effective both in conditions of reducing doses of mineral fertilizers and in their complete absence, increasing grain yield by an average of 27.0%–31.5%. The increase in crop productivity is associated with an increase in the photosynthetic activity of plants in crops and an improvement in the main parameters of the crop structure (the density of the productive stem, the weight of grain from the panicle).