Improving the performance of planar perovskite solar cell using NH4Cl treatment of SnO2 as electron transport layer

Performance of planar perovskite solar cells based on formamidinium cations: Simulation and fabrication

“…Precursor solutions were prepared by adding FAI (CH [NH 2 ] 2I) (1 mmol), PbI 2 (1.5 mmol), MABr (CH 3 NH 3 Br) (1 mmol), PbBr 2 (1.5 mmol) in a solvent with a DMF: DMSO (4:1) ratio and different FAI molar ratios (0, 0.23, 0.43, 0.63, 0.83). The molar ratio of 0.83 was selected for the sake of consistency with previous reports in the literature 41 . To evaluate the effect of molar ratio, a step increase of 20% FA/(FA+MA) was also considered as listed in Table 2.…”

“…The molar ratio of 0.83 was selected for the sake of consistency with previous reports in the literature. 41 To evaluate the effect of molar ratio, a step increase of 20% FA/(FA+MA) was also considered as listed in Table 2. In addition, the FAPbI 3 perovskite precursors were prepared, including MACl and MAPbBr 3 stabilizers with desirable molar ratios.…”

Applications of Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Among the transition elements, the typical ETL doping elements are Zn, [109] Co, Zr, [110,111] Y, [112][113][114] Nd, [115,116] W, [117] and Ta. [118] These elements typically have only one or two electrons in their outermost layer and are relatively reactive, close to alkaline earth metals.…”

Charge recombination suppression in dye-sensitized solar cells by tuning the dielectric constant of triphenylamine dyes with altering π-bridges from naphthalene to anthracene units

“…Moreover, the tangent loss (tan d) of the capacitors was detected using a portable digital LCRmeter (ESCORT ELC-133A model, Taiwan) by setting the instrument at 1.0 V and an alternative ac current voltage across Al electrodes of the capacitors. For this, we used eqn ( 4)-( 6) as follows: [32][33][34][35][36][37][38]…”

“…Moreover, the tangent loss (tan δ ) of the capacitors was detected using a portable digital LCRmeter (ESCORT ELC-133A model, Taiwan) by setting the instrument at 1.0 V and an alternative ac current voltage across Al electrodes of the capacitors. For this, we used eqn (4)–(6) as follows: 32–38 σ ac = 2π fε 0 ε ′tan δ where C , d , A , f , ε ′, ε ′′, ε 0 , σ ac , and δ represent the capacitance (F), thickness (m), area of electrodes (m 2 ), applied frequency ( f , Hz), dielectric constant of dyes, imaginary dielectric constant, permittivity of the free space (8.854 × 10 −12 F m −1 ), ac conductivity (Ω −1 m −1 ), and loss factor of the capacitors, respectively.…”