In-line application of electric field in capillary separation systems: Joule heating, pH and conductivity

Gel Electrophoresis Chip Using Joule Heat Self-Dissipation, Short Run Time, and Online Dynamic Imaging

“…26−28 They were efficient for single capillary cooling but might be too complex for biochip GE cooling. 29 Attempts had been made to create a simpler and cheaper heat transfer solution improving JHD efficiency for both chip and slab GE. Pan et al, for instance, designed an open fluidic chip framework for highly efficient GE via reducing Joule heating induced by optimization of a chip structure.…”

“…To promote the JHD in CE devices, numerous efforts have been taken for developing the built-in fluorocarbon liquid cooling system, circulation air cooler, and metallic heat sink module. − They were efficient for single capillary cooling but might be too complex for biochip GE cooling . Attempts had been made to create a simpler and cheaper heat transfer solution improving JHD efficiency for both chip and slab GE.…”