In situ aqueous derivatization as sample preparation technique for gas chromatographic determinations

Casas-Ferreira, Ana María; Laespada, María Esther Fernández; Pavón, José Luis Pérez; Cordero, Bernardo Moreno

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.084

Cited by 73 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…In the case when derivatization is coupled with extraction, the aqueous medium is clearly advantageous compared with organic solvents because this contributes to the reduction or elimination of organic, toxic, and non environmentally friendly solvents in the analytical procedures. Moreover, as was previously mentioned, depending on the analytical technique chosen for the amine determination, it is possible to automate the whole sample preparation step 54 . Therefore, from the mixture of reagents in a suitable vessel the whole process occurs on-line 75 .…”

Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Casas Ferreira et al 54 in a review focused on the application of in situ aqueous derivatization as 54 . Moreover, removal of water soluble hydrolysis products may not be necessary due to their solubility, which allows them to remain in the aqueous sample.…”

Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process is frequently also applied to LC-MS techniques in order to increase the sensitivity by adding on moieties that improve ionization and reduce matrix effects 70 . Moreover, by modification with a defined structural element, derivatization often enables the prediction of specific fragmentation reactions in tandem MS (MS-MS), which enhances the specificity of the method 54 .…”

Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method of derivatization is the direct conversion of the substance within the sample at or after the collection stage 54 . In the determination of amine compounds, in situ derivatization is often coupled with the extraction process.…”

Section: Improvement Of Chromatographic Properties By Analyte Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situ derivatization can be carried out in aqueous media 65 and offers a simplified procedure that is readily automated. It requires water compatible reagents 54 such as S-(−)-N-(trifluoroacetyl)prolyl chloride 66,67 and S-heptafluorobutyrylprolyl chloride 68,69 . In situ derivatization is performed to improve GC separation, detection and the extractability of the target compound into a non-polar sorbent improving the extraction efficiency 65 .…”

Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Chemical Derivatization Processes Applied to Amine Determination in Samples of Different Matrix Composition

et al. 2015

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Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improvement Of Chromatographic Properties By Analyte Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemical Derivatization Processes Applied to Amine Determination in Samples of Different Matrix Composition

et al. 2015

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Sample Derivatization in Separation Science

Cardinaël

Casabianca

Peulon-Agasse

et al. 2015

Analytical Separation Science

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Chromatographic methods have made so much progress that they are today the method of choice in analytical laboratories. Not all molecules can be separated by the desired method. Derivatization reactions are simple chemical modification of the sample that will render it compatible with the selected separation method. Gas chromatography ( GC ) can separate volatile and thermostable compounds. The possible derivatization reactions that will enhance both volatility and thermal resistance of the solutes are summarized and the protocols are outlined. Liquid chromatography ( LC ) can separate solutes soluble in the mobile phase. The main problem is to detect them. Derivatization reactions in LC will modify the solutes adding a chomophore for easy UV detection or a fluorophore for sensitive fluorescent detection. Different protocols including pre‐ or postcolumn reactions are described. Capillary electrophoresis ( CE ) separates solutes by difference in electrophoretic mobility. Derivatization reactions in CE are similar to derivatization in LC when detection is the problem. On‐column and postcolumn derivatizations are common in CE . Derivatization to change the solute electrophoretic mobility can also be performed.

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Gas chromatographic determination of some phenolic compounds in fuels and engine oil after simultaneous derivatization and microextraction

Farajzadeh

Yadeghari

Khoshmaram

et al. 2014

J of Separation Science

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In this study, a simultaneous derivatization/air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method has been developed for sample preparation of some phenolic compounds in fuels and engine oil. Analytes are transferred by back liquid-liquid extraction into NaOH solution and then are derivatized with butyl chloroformate and extracted simultaneously into carbon tetrachloride. The extracted derivatized analytes are analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The effect of extracting solvent type, derivatization agent and extraction solvent volumes, ionic strength of the aqueous solution, number of extraction cycles, etc., on the extraction efficiency is investigated. The calibration graphs are linear in the range of 3-10,000 μg/L. Enhancement factors, enrichment factors, and extraction recoveries are in the ranges of 497 to 1471, 571 to 991, and 60 to 109%, respectively. Detection limits are obtained in the range of 0.8 to 2.0 μg/L. Relative standard deviations for the extraction of each selected phenols are in the ranges of 2-4% for intraday (n = 6) and 3-6% (n = 5) for interday precisions for 200 μg/L. This technique is successfully applied for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of the selected phenols in gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, and engine oil.

show abstract

In situ aqueous derivatization as sample preparation technique for gas chromatographic determinations

Cited by 73 publications

References 198 publications

Chemical Derivatization Processes Applied to Amine Determination in Samples of Different Matrix Composition

Chemical Derivatization Processes Applied to Amine Determination in Samples of Different Matrix Composition

Sample Derivatization in Separation Science

Gas chromatographic determination of some phenolic compounds in fuels and engine oil after simultaneous derivatization and microextraction

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