In Situ Crystallographic Probing on Ameliorating Effect of Sulfide Additives and Carbon Grafting in Iron Electrodes

Ravikumar, M. K.; Rajan, A. Sundar; Sampath, S.; Priolkar, K. R.; Shukla, A. K.

doi:10.1149/2.0721512jes

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The solution resistance was evaluated for the three-electrode setup by the current interrupt method before starting an experiment. The solution resistances obtained (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) were neglected because of their insignificant effect on the measured potential. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were prepared by sweeping the potential between −1.4 and −0.7 V vs. Ag/Ag 2 O with a scan rate of 200 μVs −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stannate Increases Hydrogen Evolution Overpotential on Rechargeable Alkaline Iron Electrodes

Chamoun

Skårman

Vidarsson

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Alkaline iron electrodes present some challenges for use in secondary batteries that are associated with low coulombic efficiency and discharge utilization. Low coulombic efficiency is correlated to the hydrogen evolution reaction that takes place during charge. In this work, we demonstrate rechargeable alkaline iron electrodes with significant capacity retention over 150 cycles with high efficiency by suppressing the hydrogen evolution with stannate. Adding stannate to the alkaline electrolyte when cycling the iron electrode drastically changes the electrochemistry. The additive brings on two advantageous attributes for the iron electrode: increased hydrogen evolution overpotential, and a flat and prolonged discharge curve at typical battery operation. These attributes were provided by a novel intermediate phase that was detected from in situ neutron diffraction measurements. This phase was only detected in situ while it decomposed ex situ, and indicated a solid solution constituted by some of the elements present in the electrode.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stannate Increases Hydrogen Evolution Overpotential on Rechargeable Alkaline Iron Electrodes

Chamoun

Skårman

Vidarsson

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…In secondary Fe-air batteries, typically, concentrated alkaline solutions like 6M KOH are used as electrolyte, facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/ OER) on the air electrode, while not being too corrosive to the iron anode [37,96,169]. In concentrated alkaline electrolytes, most favorably, the following two reactions occur on the individual electrodes during charge-() and discharge () of the battery [170,171]:…”

Section: Electrochemical Characteristics Of Silicon Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

Weinrich¹,

Durmus²,

Tempel³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Metal-air batteries provide a most promising battery technology given their outstanding potential energy densities, which are desirable for both stationary and mobile applications in a ‘beyond lithium-ion’ battery market. Silicon- and iron-air batteries underwent less research and development compared to lithium- and zinc-air batteries. Nevertheless, in the recent past, the two also-ran battery systems made considerable progress and attracted rising research interest due to the excellent resource-efficiency of silicon and iron. Silicon and iron are among the top five of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, which ensures almost infinite material supply of the anode materials, even for large scale applications. Furthermore, primary silicon-air batteries are set to provide one of the highest energy densities among all batteries, while iron-air batteries are frequently considered as a highly rechargeable system with decent performance characteristics. Considering fundamental aspects for the anode materials, i.e., the metal electrodes, in this review, we will first outline the challenges, which explicitly apply to silicon- and iron-air batteries and prevented them from a broad implementation so far. Afterwards, we provide an extensive literature survey regarding state-of-the-art experimental approaches, which are set to resolve the aforementioned challenges and might enable the introduction of silicon- and iron-air batteries into the battery market in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of the self-discharge and hydrogen evolution, the iron electrode presents poor charge efficiency, low charge retention and low discharge capacity with decreased life cycle [12,13]. Additionally, the passive oxide and hydroxide phases gradually build up over time [12]. To overcome hydrogen evolution, sulfur additives are either added to the electrode formulation (e.g., FeS + Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 S 3 ) or to the electrolyte by addition of Na 2 S, K 2 S, and organosulfur compounds [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Performance and in Operando Charge Efficiency Measurements of Cu/Sn-Doped Nano Iron Electrodes

et al. 2018

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Fe-air or Ni-Fe cells can offer low-cost and large-scale sustainable energy storage. At present, they are limited by low coulombic efficiency, low active material use, and poor rate capability. To overcome these challenges, two types of nanostructured doped iron materials were investigated: (1) copper and tin doped iron (CuSn); and (2) tin doped iron (Sn). Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was added to the electrode and LiOH to the electrolyte. In the 2 wt. % Cu + 2 wt. % Sn sample, the addition of SWCNT increased the discharge capacity from 430 to 475 mAh g−1, and charge efficiency increased from 83% to 93.5%. With the addition of both SWCNT and LiOH, the charge efficiency and discharge capacity improved to 91% and 603 mAh g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the 4 wt. % Sn substituted sample performance is not on par with the 2 wt. % Cu + 2 wt. % Sn sample. The dopant elements (Cu and Sn) and additives (SWCNT and LiOH) have a major impact on the electrode performance. To understand the relation between hydrogen evolution and charge current density, we have used in operando charging measurements combined with mass spectrometry to quantify the evolved hydrogen. The electrodes that were subjected to prolonged overcharge upon hydrogen evolution failed rapidly. This insight could help in the development of better charging schemes for the iron electrodes.

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In Situ Crystallographic Probing on Ameliorating Effect of Sulfide Additives and Carbon Grafting in Iron Electrodes

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Stannate Increases Hydrogen Evolution Overpotential on Rechargeable Alkaline Iron Electrodes

Stannate Increases Hydrogen Evolution Overpotential on Rechargeable Alkaline Iron Electrodes

Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

Electrochemical Performance and in Operando Charge Efficiency Measurements of Cu/Sn-Doped Nano Iron Electrodes

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