In Situ Microscopy for Online Monitoring of Enzymatic Processes

Prediger, Andreas; Bluma, Arne; Höpfner, Tim; Lindner, Patrick; Beutel, Sascha; Müller, Johannes; Hilterhaus, Lutz; Liese, Andreas; Scheper, Thomas

doi:10.1002/ceat.201000563

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To perform the same analysis in operando and also continuously, fluorescence and microscopy methods were developed for application directly in the reactor with minimum perturbation of the ongoing reaction. Table 4 summarizes these developments [82,129,140]. Interfacing the analytical devices with the reactor presents a challenge.…”

Section: In-operando Studies Of Macroscopic Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Advanced characterization of immobilized enzymes as heterogeneous biocatalysts

2016

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Section: In-operando Studies Of Macroscopic Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Influence of stirring conditions on the velocity of particles degradation was studied [140] Raman spectroscopy Mesoporous carriers Stability of attachment in stagnant suspension of particles Enzyme leaching was monitored [129] Fluorescence microscopy…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced characterization of immobilized enzymes as heterogeneous biocatalysts

2016

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“…A commercial system for online measurement of particle size and shape, including automatic sampling and sample dilution, has been developed by FlowCam [117] but no applications in microalgal cultivations have been reported so far. Another approach to online monitoring of cell count is based on in situ microscope (ISM) technology, which has been developed for monitoring biomass-related parameters (cell count, morphology, and size distribution) in biotechnological processes as well as for monitoring protein crystallization, the stability of enzyme carriers, and enzymatic hydrolysis [93,[118][119][120][121][122][123][124]. The ISM method involves processing the online acquired images and calculating particle parameters with only several seconds delay.…”

Section: Cell Count Cell Morphology and Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Microalgal Processes

Havlík

Scheper

Reardon

2015

Microalgae Biotechnology

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Process monitoring, which can be defined as the measurement of process variables with the smallest possible delay, is combined with process models to form the basis for successful process control. Minimizing the measurement delay leads inevitably to employing online, in situ sensors where possible, preferably using noninvasive measurement methods with stable, low-cost sensors. Microalgal processes have similarities to traditional bioprocesses but also have unique monitoring requirements. In general, variables to be monitored in microalgal processes can be categorized as physical, chemical, and biological, and they are measured in gaseous, liquid, and solid (biological) phases. Physical and chemical process variables can be usually monitored online using standard industrial sensors. The monitoring of biological process variables, however, relies mostly on sensors developed and validated using laboratory-scale systems or uses offline methods because of difficulties in developing suitable online sensors. Here, we review current technologies for online, in situ monitoring of all types of process parameters of microalgal cultivations, with a focus on monitoring of biological parameters. We discuss newly introduced methods for measuring biological parameters that could be possibly adapted for routine online use, should be preferably noninvasive, and are based on approaches that have been proven in other bioprocesses. New sensor types for measuring physicochemical parameters using optical methods or ion-specific field effect transistor (ISFET) sensors are also discussed. Reviewed methods with online implementation or online potential include measurement of irradiance, biomass concentration by optical density and image analysis, cell count, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth rate, lipid concentration by infrared spectrophotometry, dielectric scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Future perspectives are discussed, especially in the field of image analysis using in situ microscopy, infrared spectrophotometry, and software sensor systems.

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“…Therefore, it is essential for CSD to be obtained online in manufacturing processes. Process analytical technologies (PATs) such as optical reflectance measurement [11][12][13], online image processing [14][15][16][17], focused-beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) [18][19][20][21], etc. are increasingly used for in-line measurement of CSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computing Crystal Size Distribution by Focused‐Beam Reflectance Measurement when Aspect Ratio Varies

2018

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Chord length distribution (CLD) can be determined by an in‐line measuring system with focused‐beam reflectance measurement, but it can differ from crystal size distribution (CSD). However, expected values of CLD can be calculated from CSD by statistical methods and vice versa. In this study, a correlation equation between crystal size and aspect ratio during cooling crystallization was obtained and a mapping matrix was calculated based on the correlation equation. Then, the suspension obtained in cooling crystallization was sampled and CSDs were measured by microscopy at the same time that CLDs were measured with FBRM. As a result of error evaluation, transformation of CLD into CSD reduced the errors between CLDs and CSDs except in the early stage of crystallization.

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In Situ Microscopy for Online Monitoring of Enzymatic Processes

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Advanced characterization of immobilized enzymes as heterogeneous biocatalysts

Advanced characterization of immobilized enzymes as heterogeneous biocatalysts

Monitoring of Microalgal Processes

Computing Crystal Size Distribution by Focused‐Beam Reflectance Measurement when Aspect Ratio Varies

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