In Situ Real-Time Quantitative and Qualitative Monitoring of Molecular Contamination

Vanhove, Emilie; Tondu, Thomas; Roussel, Jean; Faye, Delphine; Guigue, Pascale

doi:10.2514/1.a33505

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Jean-François Roussel, 1 David Lansade, 2 Ludivine Leclerc 3 ONERA-DPHY, Université de Toulouse F-31055 Toulouse, France Carlos E. Soares, 4 John M. Alred, 5 Maxwell G. Martin, 6 Anthony T. Wong, 7 John R. Anderson 8 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91107, USA and Delphine Faye, 9 Guillaume Rioland 10 CNES -French Aerospace Agency, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31401, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France Prediction of contaminant levels is paramount to controlling and reducing their impact on space missions. In the recent years, it has become clear that a real breakthrough could only be achieved through a change of paradigm, namely by going beyond the classical characterization of total contaminant mass and rather characterizing the various emitted chemical species individually, both quantitatively and chemically.…”

Section: Film and Silicone Adhesive Utilizing Astm-e-1559 Mass Spectr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Roussel¹,

Lansade²,

Leclercq³

et al. 2023

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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The prediction of contaminant levels is paramount to controlling and reducing their impact on space missions. In recent years, it has become clear that a real breakthrough could only be achieved through a change of paradigm, namely, by going beyond the classical characterization of total contaminant mass and instead characterizing the various emitted chemical species individually: both quantitatively and chemically. This paper first reviews the methodology proposed to achieve this objective and then its implementation on two examples of materials (Black Kapton® and NuSil CV4-2946) on the basis of existing ASTM-E-1559 outgassing data (Garrett, J. W., Glassford, P. M., and Steakley, J. M., “ASTM-E-1559 Method for Measuring Material Outgassing/Deposition Kinetics,” Journal of the IEST, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1995, pp. 19–28) including mass spectrometry (MS) data. We show that the thermogravimetric analysis performed on the contaminant deposits (heating at 1 K/min) allows a good enough time separation of chemical species to analyze and often identify them through their mass spectra. In turn, the knowledge of the fragments constituting their spectra allows an improved analysis of the MS data collected during the initial outgassing phase. The outgassing time profiles of each of these chemical species then tells a lot about their actual outgassing physical laws. On the two studied materials, outgassing physics were found to be consistent with Fickian or non-Fickian diffusion rather than with residence time desorption. After confirming these findings with more specific and more sensitive experiments, the door will be open to greatly improve assessments of the contaminant amounts and nature in flight through realistic multispecies physical models.

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Section: Film and Silicone Adhesive Utilizing Astm-e-1559 Mass Spectr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Roussel¹,

Lansade²,

Leclercq³

et al. 2023

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

Self Cite

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“…Minimization of scientific publications in this area is also due to the fact that in many cases satellites are commercial objects and the publication of materials related to the task of thermostating is closed. However, our review of open publications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] on this topic made it possible to identify a number of issues that need to be improved.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [16], the influence of contamination of cold and cryogenic surfaces of spacecraft was experimentally studied. Pollution levels in the early stages of satellite development and preparation (ground operations) were estimated.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a method for assessing air dustiness in the main fairing of the launch vehicle

Biliaiev

Biliaieva

Русакова

et al. 2022

EEJET

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The object of this study is the process of thermostating the main fairing with a satellite at the stage of prelaunch preparation of the launch vehicle. When thermostating, it is necessary to predict the risk of dust contamination of the satellite surface. Currently, there are no normative methods for solving this problem. A numerical model has been proposed that makes it possible to quickly predict the dynamics of pollution of any surface of the satellite. A numerical model has been built for analyzing the zones of dust pollution of air in the main fairing of the launch vehicle during thermostating. The novelty of the model is the use of the Laplace equation for the speed potential, based on which the problem of aerodynamics is solved, namely, the flow rate in the main fairing is determined. Based on the model built, a computational experiment was conducted for dust particles with a diameter of 6 µm that fall into the main fairing during thermostating. The results of the research showed that the formation of areas of dust pollution near the satellite is influenced by the geometric shape of the satellite, which affects the formation of an uneven air velocity field in the main fairing and the organization of air supply to the main fairing. Calculations are performed within a few seconds, which makes it possible during working day to conduct a set of studies into the rational choice of the organization of air exchange of the main fairing during its thermostating. The constructed numerical model can be used in design organizations to scientifically substantiate the thermostating mode of the main fairing, taking into consideration the characteristics of the satellite located in it

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“…Older publications announced the working program [4] and first promising results [5] obtained by ONERA, in collaboration with CNES or sometimes ESA. Later activities dug into the physics of contaminant deposits and their reemission [6], species separation [7] or outgassing again [8][9] [10]. More recently, JPL also joined the effort in that direction, and it was showed that processing existing ASTM-E-1559 data could also lead to species separation provided that good enough Mass Spectrometry (MS) data were collected during the tests [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of contaminant species by TGA/MS in European and U.S. approaches to outgassing

Lansade

Roussel

Alred

et al. 2022

Space Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2022

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Well-established procedures for the characterization of contamination during outgassing usually involve total mass measurements through quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Recently, the addition of mass spectrometry (MS) measurements to these data has become more common. The combination of both high sensitivity QCM and MS data may lead to a better understanding of the physics taking place during outgassing contamination processes. The way to do so is to complement the basic measurements of total mass loss on QCMs by the identification of each species and the quantitative determination of each species contribution.In a first characterization step, the thermogravimetric analysis of contaminants deposited on QCMs allows a partial species separation that helps exploiting mass spectrometry data. In return, these data permit a finer species separation. The key to these measurements is to obtain sufficient signal to noise ratio in the mass spectrometer. Though outgassing of space materials is not done the same way in Europe (multi-temperature steps, ECSS-Q-TM-70-52A) and in the US (isothermal, ASTM E-1559-09), both tests could be used to perform a first species separation, as reported here. Most species outgassed by a few common materials were identified (and quantified) through TGA and MS coupling. As reported in a companion paper, the knowledge of these species' spectra then allows the analysis of the MS data during the initial outgassing phase, determining the quantitative outgassing of each species and leading to the improved comprehension of the physical laws ruling outgassing.

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In Situ Real-Time Quantitative and Qualitative Monitoring of Molecular Contamination

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Development of a method for assessing air dustiness in the main fairing of the launch vehicle

Separation of contaminant species by TGA/MS in European and U.S. approaches to outgassing

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