In situ trace elements and sulfur isotope analysis of sulfides from the Akiri Cu ± (Ag) deposit, Benue Trough, North-central Nigeria: Implications for ore genesis

Vincent, Victor Ikechukwu; Li, Huan; Girei, Musa Bala; Förster, Michael W.; Ahmed, Hafizullah Abba; Ntekim, Eyo Eyo

doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2021.125801

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…8) and the dataset of previous study (Li et al 2019). Notable, the Fule pyrite contains more Ge than previously reported results of other deposits elsewhere (mostly <2 μg/g; Vincent et al 2021;Frenzel et al 2022;Zhu et al 2022;Li et al 2023). It is thus expected that pyrite may have a more significant role in controlling the distribution of trace Ge in certain deposits than previously acknowledged, although the nano occurrence mode of Ge remains undisclosed.…”

Section: La-icpms Element Mappingmentioning

confidence: 45%

Germanium distribution in Mississippi Valley-Type systems from sulfide deposition to oxidative weathering: A perspective from Fule Pb-Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China

2024

msam

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Germanium (Ge) is a critical raw material for emerging high-tech and green industries, resulting in considerable recent interest to understand its distribution and geochemical behavior in ore deposits.In this contribution, the distribution of Ge and related trace elements in the Fule Pb-Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China is investigated to reveal the distribution of Ge in the hydrothermal ores and during sulfide weathering, using multiple microanalytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). In the Fule MVT deposit, sphalerite (ZnS) is the most significant Gecarrier relative to other sulfides, though the five recognized textural types of sphalerite display progressive depletion in Ge from the first sphalerite generation to the late one. In the early stage, sphalerite with fine-grained chalcopyrite inclusions have the highest Ge concentrations, probably accounting for a significant proportion of the total Ge. We interpret that high Ge concentrations in the early sphalerite may be attributable to high Cu activity in the mineralizing fluids. During oxidative weathering, Ge was redistributed from its original host, sphalerite, to the weathering product willemite (Zn2SiO4) rather than smithsonite (ZnCO3), with high levels of Ge (up to 448 μg/g) present in the willemite. The formation of abundant willemite largely prevents the dispersion of Ge during weathering. In principle, willemite-hosted Ge should be fully recoverable, and the Zn-silicate ores may therefore be a potential target to meet future demand. This study provides new information on how Ge behaves from sulfide-to weathering-stage in MVT systems, which directly impact Ge mobility and deportment changes and the development of metallurgical strategies for Ge recovery.

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Section: La-icpms Element Mappingmentioning

confidence: 45%

Germanium distribution in Mississippi Valley-Type systems from sulfide deposition to oxidative weathering: A perspective from Fule Pb-Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China

2024

msam

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“…As a reducing agent, the organic matter of oil and gas produces a large amount of reduced sulfur through TSR reaction, which is the only way to form high concentration H2S oil and gas reservoirs. TSR reaction is also an important formation mechanism of reduced sulfur in many metal deposits [6,38,[97][98]. TSR total reaction equation is as follows:…”

Section: Indication Of the Tsr Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSR Action and Genesis Mechanism of Antimony Deposit: Evidence From Aromatic Hydrocarbon Geochemistry of Bitumen in Paleo-Oil Reservoir Near Qinglong Ore Field, Southwestern Guizhou Depression, China

Yang¹,

Hu²,

Sai-hua³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In Qinglong ore field, paleo-oil reservoir is found to be associated with antimony deposits, and they have close genetic relationship. In this study, aromatics geochemistry of paleo-oil reservoir bitumen was studied to further discuss the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction and the mechanism of antimony mineralization. A total of 124 aromatic compounds were identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis in bitumen samples, including abundant phenanthrene series, dibenzothiophene series, fluoranthene series, chrysene series, and a small number of fluorene series, naphthalene series, dibenzofuran series, biphenyl series, triaromatic steroid series. Aromatic parameters such as trimethylnaphthalene index (TMNr), methylphenanthrene index (MPI), methylphenanthrene distribution fraction (MPDF, F1 and F2), methyldibenzothiophene parameter (MDR), C28TAS-20S/(20R+20S), and benzofluoranthene/benzo[e]pyrene indicate Qinglong paleo-oil reservoir is in over maturity level. The abundance of phenanthrene and chrysene aromatic compounds and a small amount of naphthalene series, benzofluoranthene, fluoranthene, pyrene, anthracene, retene, perylene and biphenyl suggest that the parent material of the paleo-oil reservoir was mainly low aquatic organisms, mixed with a small amount of higher plant. The detected a certain number of compounds, such as retene, triaromatic steroid series and perylene, the ternary diagram of DBF–DBT–F and binary plot of Pr/Ph–DBT/P, DBT/(F+DBT)–DBF/(F+DBF) and Pr/Ph–DBT/DBF reveal that the source rock of the paleo-oil reservoir was formed in the marine environment of weak oxidation and weak reduction. The comprehensive analysis shows that the Qinglong paleo-oil reservoir originated from Devonian source rocks, just like other paleo-oil reservoirs and natural gas reservoirs in the Nanpanjiang basin. Abundant dibenzothiophene series were detected, indicating that the paleo-oil reservoir underwent a certain degree of TSR reaction. We believe that the paleo-gas reservoir formed by the evolution of paleo-oil reservoir participated in antimony mineralization, that is, hydrocarbon organic matter acted as reducing agent and transformed SO42− in oilfield brine into H2S through TSR, providing reduced sulfur and creating environmental conditions for mineralization.

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“…As a reducing agent, the organic matter of oil and gas produces a large amount of reduced sulfur through the TSR reaction, which is the only way to form high concentration H 2 S oil and gas reservoirs. TSR reaction is also an important formation mechanism of reduced sulfur in many metal deposits [6,7,9,39,[97][98][99][100]. The TSR total reaction equation is as follows:…”

Section: Indication Of the Tsr Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSR Action and Genesis Mechanism of Antimony Deposit: Evidence from Aromatic Hydrocarbon Geochemistry of Bitumen from Paleo-Oil Reservoir in Qinglong Ore Field, Southwestern Guizhou Depression, China

Cheng

Hu²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Minerals

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In Qinglong ore field, the paleo-oil reservoir is found to be associated with antimony deposits, and they have a close genetic relationship. In this study, the aromatics geochemistry of paleo-oil reservoir bitumen was studied to further discuss the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction and the mechanism of antimony mineralization. A total of 124 aromatic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis in bitumen samples, including abundant phenanthrene series, dibenzothiophene series, fluoranthene series, chrysene series, and a small number of fluorene series, naphthalene series, dibenzofuran series, biphenyl series, and triaromatic steroid series. Aromatic parameters such as trimethylnaphthalene index (TMNr), methylphenanthrene index (MPI), methylphenanthrene distribution fraction (MPDF, F1, and F2), methyldibenzothiophene parameter (MDR), C28TAS-20S/(20R + 20S), and benzofluoranthene/benzo[e]pyrene indicate that the Qinglong paleo-oil reservoir is in over maturity level. The abundance of phenanthrene and chrysene aromatic compounds and a small amount of naphthalene series, benzofluoranthene, fluoranthene, pyrene, anthracene, retene, perylene, and biphenyl suggest that the organic matter source of the paleo-oil reservoir was mainly low aquatic organisms, mixed with a small amount of higher plant. They detected a certain number of compounds, such as retene, triaromatic steroid series, and perylene, the ternary diagram of DBF–DBT–F and binary plot of Pr/Ph–DBT/P, DBT/(F + DBT)–DBF/(F + DBF), and Pr/Ph–DBT/DBF reveal that the source rock of the paleo-oil reservoir was formed in the marine environment of weak oxidation and weak reduction. The comprehensive analysis shows that the Qinglong paleo-oil reservoir originated from Devonian source rocks, just like other paleo-oil reservoirs and natural gas reservoirs in the Nanpanjiang basin. Abundant dibenzothiophene series were detected, indicating that the paleo-oil reservoir underwent a certain degree of TSR reaction. We believe that the gas reservoir formed by the evolution of the oil reservoir in the ore field participated in antimony mineralization; that is, hydrocarbon organic matter acted as a reducing agent and transformed SO42− in oilfield brine into H2S through TSR, providing reduced sulfur and creating environmental conditions for mineralization.

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In situ trace elements and sulfur isotope analysis of sulfides from the Akiri Cu ± (Ag) deposit, Benue Trough, North-central Nigeria: Implications for ore genesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 126 publications

Germanium distribution in Mississippi Valley-Type systems from sulfide deposition to oxidative weathering: A perspective from Fule Pb-Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China

Germanium distribution in Mississippi Valley-Type systems from sulfide deposition to oxidative weathering: A perspective from Fule Pb-Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China

TSR Action and Genesis Mechanism of Antimony Deposit: Evidence From Aromatic Hydrocarbon Geochemistry of Bitumen in Paleo-Oil Reservoir Near Qinglong Ore Field, Southwestern Guizhou Depression, China

TSR Action and Genesis Mechanism of Antimony Deposit: Evidence from Aromatic Hydrocarbon Geochemistry of Bitumen from Paleo-Oil Reservoir in Qinglong Ore Field, Southwestern Guizhou Depression, China

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