In situ transmission electron microscopy employed for studies of effects of ion and electron irradiation on materials

A review of transmission electron microscopes with in situ ion irradiation

“…Beyond the traditional techniques employed in the installation of TEMs such as positioning of the instrument on cushioning feet and sand floors, additional measures can include: the distancing of mechanical roughing pumps away from the microscope [28]; the locating of ion accelerators in different rooms or on different floors to the TEM [5,17,18,22,28]; the positioning of bellows along the ion beamline [15,32]; the use of heavy components on the ion beamline to absorb vibrations [22]; and the use of magnetically levitated turbomolecular pumps [12,33] or completely nonmechanical pumps [34].…”

“…A facility is reported [1,5] with very similar specifications to that developed by Hitachi as being installed a year or two later at the Institute of Physics and Chemical Research (IPCR) -the only major difference was the ion source which was 0.4-1 MV in the latter case.…”

“…Dosimetry was performed at various points along the beam lines with a Faraday cup placed at the sample position inside the microscope. A single reference is made in the literature to a JEOL JEM-200CX interfaced with a 2-40 kV ion source at JAERI Tokaimura in 1990 [5].…”

“…This paper constitutes a comprehensive review of the TEM facilities with in situ ion irradiation both past and present. However, the interested reader is directed to previous summaries on this type of facility and on experimental work using this technique by Ishino [1,2], Allen [3][4][5], Birtcher [6] and Serruys [7].…”

Establishment of in situ TEM–implanter/accelerator interface facility at Wuhan University

“…Since the first TEM-accelerator interface facility was established by researchers at Harwell [6], nowadays there are about a dozen such facilities located in Japan, France, and the United States, some of which are interfaced to two or more ion accelerators or ion sources [7]. Recently, we have established a TEM-implanter interface facility at Wuhan University, the first of its kind in China.…”