“…Visible light communication (VLC) [ 1 ], as a new optical wireless communication method, has been explored for a wide range of applications, for example, indoor illumination and communication [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], indoor positioning [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], vehicle-to-vehicle communication [ 11 , 12 ] and vehicle–road coordination [ 13 , 14 ]. It is the most potential supplement to 5G wireless communication [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”