In vitro and in sacco evaluation of total mixed ration silage added different levels of chitosan

Abstract

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan administration to total mixed ration (TMR) silage on ruminal fermentation characteristics and degradability by using both in vitro and in sacco methods. The completely randomized design (CRD) used in this study included five treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of TMR silage with distilled water as control (SA), TMR with 1% acetic acid (SB), 0.5% chitosan in 1% acetic acid diluent (SC), 1% chitosan in 1% acetic acid diluent (SD), and 1.5% chitosan in 1% acetic acid diluent (SE). The variables observed were ruminal fermentation parameters, methane production and in sacco nutrient degradability. Results revealed that adding 1-1.5% chitosan (SD and SE treatments) reduced (P < 0.05) total protozoa, total gas production, methane production, the percentage of acetic acid, and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid, while it increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of propionic acid. The addition of chitosan (SE treatment) decreased (P < 0.05) the degradation of dry matter, but it increased (P < 0.05) the degradability of organic matter and crude protein, as determined by in sacco analysis.