In Vitro Biomineralization and Bulk Characterization of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Composite Microparticles Prepared by Emulsification Cross-Linking Method: Orthopedic Use

Abstract

Chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite microparticles were prepared by a solid-in-water-in-oil emulsification cross-linking method. The characteristics and activity in presence of simulated body fluid for 14 and 21 days were investigated. The size distribution, surface morphology, and microstructure of these biomaterials were evaluated. The scanning electron microscopy revealed an aggregate of microparticles with a particle size, ranged from 4 to 10 μm. The deposited calcium phosphate was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy analysis of phosphorus. These results show that the mineral, formed on microparticles, was a mixture of carbonated hydroxyapatite and calcite. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that calcium phosphate crystals growth was in form of rods organized as concentric triangular packets interconnected to each other by junctions. Interaction between chitosan and growing carbonated hydroxyapatite and calcite crystals are responsible for a composite growth into triangular and spherical shapes. The results demonstrated that these microparticles were potential materials for bone repair.

Effects of micro and nano β‐TCP fillers in freeze‐gelled chitosan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…The best result in terms of reduced degradation rate is achieved with the ratio (CTN80 : 20) as it found to degrade only ∼20% of its initial weight, where as the other composite scaffolds are found to degrade as follows; CTM90 : 10 (∼30%) CTM 80 : 20 (∼30%), CTM70 : 30 (∼25%), and CTN90 : 10 (∼30%), and CTN70 : 30 (∼22%). Similar trend in decreased degradation rate was also observed when hydroxy apatite was incorporated in CS matrix as reported earlier . The results further reveal that addition of nano‐sized β‐TCP decelerates the rate of degradation than CS/micro β‐TCP and pure CS scaffold.…”

XPS analysis of chitosan–hydroxyapatite biomaterials: from elements to compounds

“…and demonstrate the presence of calcium carbonate at the surface of immersed microparticles. This is in agreement with infrared spectra and X‐ray diffraction diagrams …”

“…), the carbonate and phosphate concentrations measured by XPS were very weak. In contrast, infrared absorption spectra and X‐ray diffraction diagrams did not show such a strong difference between pure Cs and other formulations regarding the formation of calcium phosphate and carbonate. This suggests that the paraffin coating on pure Cs is not efficient for inducing precipitation or for retaining precipitated particles.…”

Characterization of Selected Parameters of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes Based on Various Polymers and Nd-Fe-B Fillers

“…Although, the production of these hybrid membranes is increasingly described in the literature, the scientists still are looking for solutions to improve their processibility, flux, selective gas separation and membrane durability. The reduction of potential problems could be also achieved using many methods, like chemical modification of the inorganic components surface using desired silanes and polymers or introduction of various compatibilizers [12][13][14][15][16]. Some effort has been also focused on producing organic-inorganic hybrid membranes containing magnetic fillers.…”