In vitro bulbing for the propagation of Traubia modesta (Amaryllidaceae), a threatened plant endemic to Chile

Abstract

K. Paredes, C. Delaveau, P. Carrasco, C. Baeza, Freddy Mora, and M.E. Uribe. 2014. In vitro bulbing for the propagation of Traubia modesta (Amaryllidaceae), a threatened plant endemic to Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 41(2): 207-214. Critically endangered, Traubia modesta is endemic to Chile and belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. In this research, a propagation protocol was developed for the in vitro cultivation of vegetative organs for this species. The twin scale explants were cultured in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with the growth regulators naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in different concentrations. Plant preservative mixture (PPM) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as a biocide and an antioxidant, respectively. The results showed high contamination of the bulbs. There were no significant differences between the treatments with plant growth regulators. A multiplication rate of 1.3 -2.2 for bulbils was achieved, with an average of 28 bulbils per mother bulb. The natural regeneration rate is approximately 1 -4 bulbils per mother bulb once a year. T. modesta is a plant characterized by its small size. It measures 15-20 cm in height, with linear or slightly swollen leaves, which are dry or non present at the time of blooming. Flowers measure 15-20 mm in length and are pure white or white with purple veins near towards to the base, with a purple line along the back of the tepals. The fruits are capsules that contain black-shiny seeds that are flattened, rounded and with membranous edges. In its natural habitat in Chile, T. modesta blooms from January to May (Baeza et al., 2009).Studies related to vegetative propagation of T. modesta are unknown; however, it is known that geophytes from Amaryllidaceae have a low natural propagation rate that ranges from approximately zero to eight bulbs per mother bulb (Santos et al., 1998; Schiappacasse et al., 2002;Angulo et al., 2003). Conventional propagation techniques for ornamental purposes have been used for the recovery of other species of endangered bulbous plants. For example, Herbertia lahue (Mol.) Goldbl. is a species from which Morales et al. (2007) obtained 1.13 bulbils per bulb, which is within the expected range found for other Chilean geophyte species such as Calydorea xiphioides Poepp. and Leucocoryne coquimbensis F. Phil (Kim et al., 1998), which produced 1.5 and 1.1 to 1.6 bulbils per mother bulb, respectively (Morales et al., 2007).In studies performed keep carried out by Schiappacasse et al. (2002), 18 species of Chilean geophytes with ornamental potential were propagated. In these studies, a maximum of 8.6 bulbils per initial bulb were obtained by using bulb division as the method for vegetative propagation. When performing the twin-scaling separation technique with Rhodophiala bagnoldii (Herb.) Traub, the number increased to 30 bulbils per mother bulb, demonstrating the potential of these techniques.To compare the karyotype of T. modesta with a species of the same family, Baeza et al. (2009) conduct...

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