“…Ta has excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, has been used in pacemaker electrodes, suture wire, cranioplasty plates, radiopaque markers, foil and mesh for nerve repair since the 1940s [ 5 ]. In addition, Ta has been used as single or composite coating material to modify the biological and mechanical properties of pure titanium(Ti) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) [ 9 ], polyetheretherketone (PEEK) [ 10 ], cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy [ 11 , 12 ], magnesium-based alloy [ 13 ], pure Fe [ 14 ] and 316 L stainless steel [ 15 ]. Recently, the advent of Ti-Ta alloy with different Ta element contents indicates a novel means to fabricate implants for bone defect restoration with improved mechanical strength, and satisfactory elastic modulus and biological properties, compared to pure Ti and Ti alloy [ 2 , 16 , 17 ].…”