In Vitro Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum Isolate UGM-LHAF against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Sheath Blight Disease of Rice

Abstract

Trichoderma spp. is a fungus widely used to control soil-borne pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani which is plant pathogenic fungi in widely host range, especially on rice. This research aimed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice in vitro condition. Trichoderma sp. used in this research was obtained from The Biological Laboratory of Pakem, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Rhizoctonia sp. was obtained through isolation of diseased rice obtained from rice fields in Yogyakarta. The two isolates were characterized base on morphology and molecular identification based on ITS rDNA. The pathogenicity test of Rhizoctonia sp. was evaluated by adding four sclerotia of Rhizoctonia sp. near rice roots at 6 days after sowing. The in vitro test used dual culture and antifungal activity (0%, 10%, 25%, 50% culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp.) with three replicates of each treatment. Two isolates were identified as T. asperellum and R. solani. Sheath blight symptoms appeared after 12 days inoculation. In the in vitro test, T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of R. solani (64.23% on dual culture and 68.5% on antifungal activity). This study suggests that T. asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF able to inhibit the growth of R. solani and can be a further potential candidate as a biocontrol agent against R. solani causing sheath blight disease of rice.

Biological Agent Trichoderma asperellum and Its in Vitro Inhibitory Activity Against Mango Fruit Rot Pathogens

“…makroskopis seperti ciri koloni aerial, ciri koloni reverse, dan rerata laju pertumbuhan (pertambahan diameter koloni setiap hari) diamati dan diukur menggunakan pengamatan langsung, sedangkan morfologi mikroskopis meliputi ciri konidia, fialid, dan hifa diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya Olympus CKX53. Karakteristik morfologi yang diperoleh dibandingkan berdasarkan ciri-ciri genus Trichoderma (Nurhayati et al, 2021;Siddiquee, 2017).…”

“…Cakram PDA dengan hanya berisi kultur patogen digunakan sebagai kontrol. Setiap percobaan diulang sebanyak empat kali dan diinkubasi pada 28 o C selama 4 hari (Nurhayati et al, 2021). Persentase penghambatan Trichoderma dihitung menggunakan formula PP = [(R1-R2)/R1] x 100% (PP: persentase penghambatan; R1: diameter koloni patogen kontrol di hari ke empat; R2: diameter koloni patogen yang diberi perlakuan di hari ke empat).…”

“…Adapun karakteristik mikroskopis isolat ini berupa hifa bersepta (Gambar 1f), percabangan teratur seperti piramida yang terbentuk oleh struktur konidiofor dan fialid (Gambar 1d-f), serta konidia kehijauan berbentuk bulat atau globose (Gambar 1c). Karakteristik morfologi ini sesuai dengan ciri T. asperellum menurut Nurhayati et al, (2021) di mana koloni hijau tua mendekati usia tua, rerata pertumbuhan koloni 34,43 mm/hari, hifa bersepta, konidiofor piramidal dengan fialid bercabang, dan konidia bulat. Hal ini juga sesuai menurut Thavaprakasapandian et al (2016) bahwa T. asperellum memiliki percabangan teratur yang terbentuk antara konidiofor dan fialid tegak lurus, serta konidia globose hingga sub-globose berukuran 2,91µm x 2,37µm.…”

“…Selain itu, Trichoderma memproduksi metabolit yang mudah menguap dan filtrat kultur yang bersifat antifungi (Anees et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Mukhopadhyay & Kumar, 2020). T. asperellum diketahui mampu menekan Rizhoctonia solani penyebab penyakit busuk pelepah padi 64,23% pada uji kultur ganda (Nurhayati et al, 2021). Studi in vitro lainnya menunjukkan bahwa T. asperellum mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium patogen Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab layu bakteri terung dalam uji kultur ganda (Islam et al, 2021).…”

Effect of Banana bunchy top virus on the life cycle and fecundity of its insect vector

“…It was reported that BBTD caused a 100% yield loss of bananas in Australia and Cameroon [1]. This disease has been reported in several regions of Indonesia, including Sumatra, Bali, West Java, East Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, Bali, and Papua [2,3]. The initial symptoms of this disease are narrowed leaves, chlorosis, necrosis, and dotted green stripes in the lower veins of the leaf midrib.…”