In vitro penetration through the skin layers of topically applied glucocorticoids

Carrer, Víctor; Alonso, Cristina; Oliver, Marc A.; Coderch, L.

doi:10.1002/dta.2412

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To get more information about this item, the skin samples can be separated into different compartments by tape-stripping (allowing detailed analysis of the various SC layers), or sectioning (e.g., SC, epidermis and dermis) or heating (separation epidermis/dermis). The segregated compartments can be investigated independently [ 137 , 145 , 147 , 148 ]. This also allows the calculation of penetration kinetics, especially when using tape strips [ 149 ].…”

Section: And How Can We Measure Them?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

et al. 2020

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Although, drugs are required in the various skin compartments such as viable epidermis, dermis, or hair follicles, to efficiently treat skin diseases, drug delivery into and across the skin is still challenging. An improved understanding of skin barrier physiology is mandatory to optimize drug penetration and permeation. The various barriers of the skin have to be known in detail, which means methods are needed to measure their functionality and outside-in or inside-out passage of molecules through the various barriers. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about mechanical barriers, i.e., stratum corneum and tight junctions, in interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles and glands. Furthermore, we discuss the barrier properties of the basement membrane and dermal blood vessels. Barrier alterations found in skin of patients with atopic dermatitis are described. Finally, we critically compare the up-to-date applicability of several physical, biochemical and microscopic methods such as transepidermal water loss, impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, immunohistochemical stainings, optical coherence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy to distinctly address the different barriers and to measure permeation through these barriers in vitro and in vivo.

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Section: And How Can We Measure Them?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

et al. 2020

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“…Blood and lymph vessels inside the dermis supply nutrients to the skin and interact with the DFs. (3) The hypodermis is well vascularized and mainly made up of fat, blood vessels, and nerves [6][7][8]. These different skin layers provide unique microenvironments where each layer can communicate with other layers, directly and indirectly, to contribute to their specialized functions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofabrication of endothelial cell, dermal fibroblast, and multilayered keratinocyte layers for skin tissue engineering

et al. 2021

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The skin serves a substantial number of physiological purposes and is exposed to numerous biological and chemical agents owing to its large surface area and accessibility. Yet, current skin models are limited in emulating the multifaceted functions of skin tissues due to a lack of effort on the optimization of biomaterials and techniques at different skin layers for building skin frameworks. Here, we use biomaterial-based approaches and bioengineered techniques to develop a 3D skin model with layers of endothelial cell networks, dermal fibroblasts, and multilayered keratinocytes. Analysis of mechanical properties of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks mixed with different portions of alginate revealed bioprinted endothelium could be better modeled to optimize endothelial cell viability with a mixture of 7.5% GelMA and 2% alginate. Matrix stiffness plays a crucial role in modulating produced levels of Pro-Collagen I alpha-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human dermal fibroblasts and affecting their viability, proliferation, and spreading. Moreover, seeding human keratinocytes with gelatin-coating multiple times proved to be helpful in reducing culture time to create multiple layers of keratinocytes while maintaining their viability. The ability to fabricate selected biomaterials for each layer of skin tissues has implications in the biofabrication of skin systems for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.

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“…The target location of topically applied glucocorticoids, which is the glucocorticoid receptor, is located in the living skin layers [ 17 ]. Therefore, when applying the TAA-containing formulations, TAA has to overcome the SC, forming the main entrance barrier, before being able to reach its site of action in the deeper skin layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triamcinolone acetonide (TAA), the model drug, is a glucocorticoid, that is widely used for treating inflammatory, allergic and pruritic dermatoses [ 15 , 16 ]. The glucocorticoid receptors which have to be addressed are located in the epidermal and dermal cells [ 17 ]. Therefore, after applying the formulation to the skin, TAA has firstly to overcome the stratum corneum (SC), which is the outermost permeability barrier of the skin, to reach its target structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Alkanediols on Stratum Corneum Lipids and Triamcinolone Acetonide Skin Penetration

Sigg

Daniels

2021

Pharmaceutics

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Alkanediols are widely used as multifunctional ingredients in dermal formulations. In addition to their preservative effect, considering their possible impact on drug penetration is also essential for their use. In the present study, the influence of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol on the skin penetration of triamcinolone acetonide from four different semisolid formulations was investigated. Furthermore, confocal Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed to examine the influence of the alkanediols on stratum corneum lipid content and order. Alkanediols were found to increase the penetration of triamcinolone acetonide. However, the extent depends strongly on the formulation used. In certain formulations, 1,2-pentanediol showed the highest effect, while in others the penetration-enhancing effect increased with the alkyl chain length of the alkanediol used. None of the tested alkanediols extracted lipids from the stratum corneum nor reduced its thickness. Notwithstanding the above, the longer-chained alkanediols cause the lipids to be converted to a more disordered state, which favors drug penetration. This behavior could not be detected for the shorter-chained alkanediols. Therefore, their penetration-enhancing effect is supposed to be related to an interaction with the hydrophilic regions of the stratum corneum.

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In vitro penetration through the skin layers of topically applied glucocorticoids

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

Biofabrication of endothelial cell, dermal fibroblast, and multilayered keratinocyte layers for skin tissue engineering

Impact of Alkanediols on Stratum Corneum Lipids and Triamcinolone Acetonide Skin Penetration

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