In vitro stability analyses as a model for metabolism of ferromagnetic particles (Clariscan™), a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging

Skotland, Tore; Sontum, Per Christian; Oulie, Inger

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00592-1

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Both the low pH environment of endosomes/lysosomes and some intracellular Fe-chelating substances (i.e., phosphate, nucleotides and dicarboxylic acids, etc.) are responsible for the solubilization of those iron oxide particles [41,42]. Here, three possible mechanisms for the metabolic fate of the internalized SPIONs in RAW264.7 cells are proposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The internalization pathway, metabolic fate and biological effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell

Han

et al. 2011

Sci. China Life Sci.

114

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The potential applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in several nanomedical fields have attracted intense interest based on the cell-nano interaction. However, the mechanisms underlying cell uptake, the intracellular trail, final fate and the biological effects of SPIONs have not yet been clearly elucidated. Here, we showed that multiple endocytic pathways were involved in the internalization process of SPIONs in the RAW264.7 macrophage. The internalized SPIONs were biocompatible and used three different metabolic pathways: The SPIONs were distributed to daughter cells during mitosis; they were degraded in the lysosome and free iron was released into the intracellular iron metabolic pool; and, the intact SPIONs were potentially exocytosed out of the cells. The internalized SPIONs did not induce cell damage but affected iron metabolism, inducing the upregulation of ferritin light chain at both the mRNA and protein levels and ferroportin 1 at the mRNA level. These results may contribute to the development of nanobiology and to the safe use of SPIONs in medicine when administered as a contrast medium or a drug delivery tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The internalization pathway, metabolic fate and biological effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell

Han

et al. 2011

Sci. China Life Sci.

114

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“…The exact form of these iron particles in the cell culture media samples was not determined, but it is unlikely that the iron would remain in solution as nanoparticles. Reports have shown that within a lysosome or endosome (ie, low pH) environment, ferromagnetic particles become solubilized in a few days (20). There are also reports describing tissue macrophages and mononuclear cells phagocytosing the nanoparticles after intravenous injection of ultrasmall SPIO (21,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biophysical and Metabolic Properties of Cells Labeled with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Transfection Agent for Cellular MR Imaging

et al. 2003

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“…Recent observations indicate that the hyaluronan receptor of the Kupffer cell and liver endothelial cell may play a prime role in cleaning blood of scavenger receptor ligands (McCourt et al 1999). In vitro metabolism studies of NC100150 Injection have shown that the particles are completely solubilised within 4-7 days following incubation at pH 4.5 (10 mM citrate) (Skotland et al 2002). However, when the pH values were increased (5-5.5) the rate of solubilisation was greatly decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic cellular distribution and degradation of iron oxide nanoparticles following single intravenous injection in rats: implications for magnetic resonance imaging

Briley‐Saebo

Bjørnerud

Grant³

et al. 2004

Cell and Tissue Research

213

193

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The purpose of this study was to determine the cellular distribution and degradation in rat liver following intravenous injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used for magnetic resonance imaging (NC100150 Injection). Relaxometric and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the concentration of the iron oxide nanoparticles and their degradation products in isolated rat liver parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cell fractions. An isolated cell phantom was also constructed to quantify the effect of the degradation products on the loss of MR signal in terms of decreased transverse relaxation times, T2*. The results of this study show that iron oxide nanoparticles found in the NC100150 Injection were taken up and distributed equally in both liver endothelial and Kupffer cells following a single 5 mg Fe/kg body wt. bolus injection in rats. Whereas endothelial and Kupffer cells exhibited similar rates of uptake and degradation, liver parenchymal cells did not take up the NC100150 Injection iron oxide particles. Light-microscopy methods did, however, indicate an increased iron load, presumably as ferritin/hemosiderin, within the hepatocytes 24 h post injection. The study also confirmed that compartmentalisation of ferritin/hemosiderin may cause a significant decrease in the MRI signal intensity of the liver. In conclusion, the combined results of this study imply that the prolonged presence of breakdown product in the liver may cause a prolonged imaging effect (in terms of signal loss) for a time period that significantly exceeds the half-life of NC100150 Injection iron oxide nanoparticles in liver.

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In vitro stability analyses as a model for metabolism of ferromagnetic particles (Clariscan™), a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 73 publications

References 13 publications

The internalization pathway, metabolic fate and biological effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell

The internalization pathway, metabolic fate and biological effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell

Characterization of Biophysical and Metabolic Properties of Cells Labeled with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Transfection Agent for Cellular MR Imaging

Hepatic cellular distribution and degradation of iron oxide nanoparticles following single intravenous injection in rats: implications for magnetic resonance imaging

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