In vitro studies on the effects of octopamine on locust fat body

Orchard, Ian; Carlisle, James A.; Loughton, B.G.; Gole, J.W.D.; Downer, Roger

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(82)90031-4

Cited by 116 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Newly synthesized lipids were found exclusively within the fat body and no release of radiolabeled substances into the medium occurred. This is in agreement with earlier reports (Tietz, 1962(Tietz, , 1967Spencer and Candy, 1976;Orchard et al, 1982). These authors found an absolute requirement for an acceptor lipoprotein (hemolymph Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Synthesis of lipids in the fat body of Gryllus bimaculatus: Age‐dependency and regulation by adipokinetic hormone

Lorenz

2001

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The free abdominal fat body of adult female Mediterranean field crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus, synthesizes lipids from [1-(14)C]-acetate in vitro. Up to an age of 12h, the incorporation of acetate into lipids is very low and then rises to a maximum 24h after adult emergence. Thereafter, the incorporation of acetate decreases to moderate levels at day 2 and then slowly decreases until day 30. The adipokinetic hormone of G. bimaculatus (Grb-AKH) significantly inhibits the incorporation of acetate at a concentration of 10(-11) M; maximum inhibition (approximately 95%) is reached at 10(-8) M. The inhibiting effect of Grb-AKH is fast, dose-dependent, and reversible. The periovaric fat body shows a similar pattern of acetate incorporation, although rates of incorporation are lower; the incorporation can be inhibited by Grb-AKH as well. The segmental abdominal fat body and the fat body from the head both incorporate acetate into lipids at low rates that cannot be inhibited significantly by AKH. Prepurified brain extracts significantly inhibit acetate incorporation by free abdominal fat bodies at a concentration of 0.1 brain equivalent. Allatostatins and crustacean cardioactive peptide, which are both present in cricket brains, are not responsible for this inhibiting effect. Octopamine causes a dose-dependent inhibition of acetate incorporation whereas synephrine had no such effect. The inhibiting effect of Grb-AKH on the formation of lipid stores in the fat body and its consequences for reproductive processes are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Synthesis of lipids in the fat body of Gryllus bimaculatus: Age‐dependency and regulation by adipokinetic hormone

Lorenz

2001

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…62), and it is therefore possible that injection of octopamine into intact females stimulates pheromone production by inducing the release of PBAN into the hemolymph. Octopamine also exerts an action on pheromone production in the absence of the CNS (Table 1), possibly by stimulating lipid (pheromone precursor) release from fat body (67). At present, therefore, the sites of action of octopamine and PBAN in these preparations remain unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation and neural regulation of the sex pheromone gland in female Heliothis moths.

Christensen

Itagaki

Teal

et al. 1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Female Heliothis moths normally produce their species-specific male attractant (sex pheromone blend) during scotophase, and this production is stimulated by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), presumably carried in the hemolymph. Several lines of evidence indicate that the central nervous system plays another critical role in this regulation. Pheromone biosynthesis was induced during photophase by electrical stimulation of the ventral nerve cord or the peripheral nerves projecting from the terminal abdominal ganglion to the pheromone gland in the tip of the abdomen. Electron microscopy further revealed that axonal branches innervate the gland tissue. Nerve branches associated with pheromone gland cells are enwrapped in glia and contain dense-core vesicles, suggesting that the innervation of the gland might be neurosecretory. Finally, the biogenic monoamine octopamine was nearly as effective as purified Heliothis zea PBAN in stimulating pheromone biosynthesis when injected into intact females during mid-photophase. Furthermore, both octopamine and PBAN stimulated significant increases in the pheromone content of the glands in isolated abdomens lacking a ventral nerve cord but only when abdomens were treated at the onset of scotophase. These data suggest that the regulation of sex pheromone production in Heliothis is more complex than previously thought. Activation of the gland appears to be governed by both neural and hormonal mechanisms, and these control mechanisms depend on photoperiodic cues.

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“…Handling also induces a very rapid hyperlipemic response in Locusta migratoria (R. and F.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (Orchard et al, 1981) that is mediated by the action of octopamine on the fat body (Orchard et al, 1982;Orchard and Lange, 1984). Neck-ligation of L. migmtoria, however, does not eliminate the handling-induced hyperlipemia (Orchard et al, 1982;Orchard and Lange, 1984). It has been suggested that octopamine may be a ubiquitous mediator of a fight-or-flight response in insects (Hoyle, 1975;Gole and Downer, 1979;Orchard, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The lipid response at 15 min cannot be a factor in this regard because our hemolymph extractions were completed within 5 to 7 min. Handling also induces a very rapid hyperlipemic response in Locusta migratoria (R. and F.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (Orchard et al, 1981) that is mediated by the action of octopamine on the fat body (Orchard et al, 1982;Orchard and Lange, 1984). Neck-ligation of L. migmtoria, however, does not eliminate the handling-induced hyperlipemia (Orchard et al, 1982;Orchard and Lange, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lipid and carbohydrate utilization during flight of the migratory moth, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sappington

Fescemyer

Showers

1995

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Male black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) moths, were attached to laboratory flight mills on the third night after emergence. individuals were classified according to their longest uninterrupted flight during the night. There were not enough non-fliers or trivial fliers (flight < 1 h) to make meaningful comparisons, so only short-fliers (flight 2 1 h but < 5 h) and long-fliers (flights 2 5 h) were further tested. After a day of rest, short-and long-fliers were tethered to a stationary pin and forced to fly 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, or 180 min, after which hemolymph was sampled and lipid and carbohydrate concentrations determined. Concentrations in samples taken at intervals after cessation of a 60-min flight indicated that both energy sources were being utilized during flight. Neck-ligation experiments indicated that a handling-induced hyperlipemic response occurs 15 min after the beginning of the sampling procedure, and that the hormone triggering does not come from the head. Resting concentration of lipid in long-fliers is about half that of short-fliers, but it increases threefold in the first 20 min of flight, whereas that of short-fliers remains unchanged.In-flight lipid concentration i n controls, which experienced their first and only flight on day 5, was greater than the concentration i n both short-and longfliers. Between 10 and 20 min, carbohydrate concentrations decrease about twofold in long-fliers but drop only slightly i n short-fliers. These data suggest Acknowledgments: We thank Delores Gunnarson, Jean Dyer, and James Lydon for their essential assistance in rearing and handling moths used in this study, and Nancy Pollock for word processing A considerable portion of the funding for this study came from Grant NCR-PT- that long-fliers may have a lower basal metabolic rate and depend more on carbohydrate when at rest than short-fliers, and that long-fliers may utilize more carbohydrate than lipid during the initial period of flight. In addition, previous flight on the flight mills has a greater influence on lipid mobilization and usage in short-fliers than it does on long-fliers. Patterns of lipid mobilization during flight seem to differ between migrant and non-migrant species and to vary among migrants depending on the flight strategy used, but there are no major differences in patterns of carbohydrate usage. Q 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.

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In vitro studies on the effects of octopamine on locust fat body

Cited by 116 publications

References 28 publications

Synthesis of lipids in the fat body of Gryllus bimaculatus: Age‐dependency and regulation by adipokinetic hormone

Synthesis of lipids in the fat body of Gryllus bimaculatus: Age‐dependency and regulation by adipokinetic hormone

Innervation and neural regulation of the sex pheromone gland in female Heliothis moths.

Lipid and carbohydrate utilization during flight of the migratory moth, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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