In vitro toxicity assessment of chitosan oligosaccharide coated iron oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles (INPs) have potential biological, biomedical and environmental applications. These applications require surface modification of the iron oxide nanoparticles, which makes it non-toxic, biocompatible, stable and non-agglomerative in natural and biological surroundings. In the present study, iron oxide nanoparticles (INPs) and chitosan oligosaccharide coated iron oxide nanoparticles (CSO-INPs) were synthesized to evaluate the effect of surface coating on the stability and toxicity of nanoparticles. Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was evaluated in HeLa (human cervix carcinoma), A549 (human lung carcinoma) and Hek293 (human embryonic kidney) cells by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay along with flow cytometry study for cell viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Morphological alteration in nanoparticles treated cells was analyzed by Acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining and electron microscopy. Synthesized nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape, well dispersed and stable at various pH values, making them suitable for biomedical and environmental applications. The present study also indicates that the chitosan oligosaccharide coating on iron oxide nanoparticles results in the decrease in cellular damage and moderate ROS production, thereby, significantly decreasing the cytotoxic impact of bare iron oxide nanoparticles.

Physicochemical Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles: Implications for Biomedical Applications In Vitro and In Vivo

“…Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a bare surface tend to agglomerate because of strong magnetic attractions between the particles; thus, stabilizers such as carboxylates, inorganic compounds, and polymeric compounds are usually used to enhance the stability of the nanoparticles in suspension [14]. However, these stabilizers are often incompatible with biomedical applications.…”

An artificial neural network (ANN)-based framework for the Cr removal from the spiked water samples by chitosan oligosaccharide-coated iron oxide nanoparticles

“…CSO-INPs have been synthesized by chemical synthesis method as reported in our previous published study [24]. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized as reported by Jana et al [40].…”

“…The iron nanoparticles were also found to be effective for the detoxification of chlorinated compounds (chlorinated organic solvents, organochlorine pesticides, trinitrotoluenes, phenols, herbicide molinateetc [20,21]. Surface modification of INPs with biopolymers such as chitosan not only increases the stability of the bare INPs in the aqueous environment [22][23][24], but also increases its adsorption potential against the heavy metal pollutants [25][26][27]. Application of chitosan as oligosaccharide may solve the solubility issue for environmental and biological applications.…”

Magnetic removal of Entamoeba cysts from water using chitosan oligosaccharide-coated iron oxide nanoparticles

“…19 In a typical synthesis of an iron-oleate complex, 2.55 g of iron chloride (FeCl 3 ⋅6H 2 O) was dissolved in 100 mL of methanol and 11 mL of oleic acid under continuous stirring. Another solution prepared by dissolving 1.6 g of NaOH in 200 mL of methanol was added to the above solution in continuous stirring conditions.…”

“…Toxicity of synthesized nanomaterials is another challenging issue for upscaling this process. However, biocompatibility, nontoxic nature, 16,19,[38][39][40][41][42] and antimicrobial properties of chitosan 16,43,44 makes the synthesized nanomaterial a suitable candidate for the treatment of the contaminated water systems.…”