In Vivo Cell Tracking Using PET: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation in Oncology

Lechermann, Laura M.; Lau, Doreen; Attili, Bala; Aloj, Luigi; Gallagher, Ferdia A.

doi:10.3390/cancers13164042

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Given that PET has limited accuracy in pinpointing the precise location of the disease, it is usually combined with CT or MRI and referred to as PET/CT or PET/MRI scanning. Radiolabelled mAb-mediated PET combined with MRI, termed immunoPET/MRI [ 100 ], is a comparatively new field in cancer diagnosis [ 101 ], but has not been fully explored as a tool in clinical IA diagnosis. The mouse mAb JF5 (mJF5) [ 102 ], which binds to antigens common to A. fumigatus , A. flavus , A. niger and A. terreus , binds to invasive hyphae rather than the resting conidia [ 87 ].…”

Section: Monoclonal Antibodies and Diagnosis Of Invasive Aspergillosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibodies and Invasive Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives

Lian

Scott-Thomas

Lewis

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of IA remain challenging. Given the broad range of non-specific clinical symptoms and the shortcomings of current diagnostic techniques, most patients are either diagnosed as “possible” or “probable” cases but not “proven”. Moreover, because of the lack of sensitive and specific tests, many high-risk patients receive an empirical therapy or a prolonged treatment of high-priced antifungal agents, leading to unnecessary adverse effects and a high risk of drug resistance. More precise diagnostic techniques alongside a targeted antifungal treatment are fundamental requirements for reducing the morbidity and mortality of IA. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity in targeting the corresponding antigen(s) may have the potential to improve diagnostic tests and form the basis for novel IA treatments. This review summarizes the up-to-date application of mAb-based approaches in assisting IA diagnosis and therapy.

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Section: Monoclonal Antibodies and Diagnosis Of Invasive Aspergillosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibodies and Invasive Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives

Lian

Scott-Thomas

Lewis

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…A wide spectrum of therapeutic viruses, genes, and cells have been developed in recent years for personalized treatment of cancers. Despite of many undergoing clinical trials and some now licensed for clinical use, the safety, accuracy, and efficiency of these therapies remain big concerns [ 91 , 92 ]. In vivo imaging tools are in urgent need for the longitudinal monitoring of the biological distribution and fate of these exogenous cells, genes, and viruses, as well as an evaluation of the therapeutic response and promotion of their clinical translation [ 91 , 93 ].…”

Section: Opportunities and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporter Genes for Brain Imaging Using MRI, SPECT and PET

Gao

Wang

Gong

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The use of molecular imaging technologies for brain imaging can not only play an important supporting role in disease diagnosis and treatment but can also be used to deeply study brain functions. Recently, with the support of reporter gene technology, optical imaging has achieved a breakthrough in brain function studies at the molecular level. Reporter gene technology based on traditional clinical imaging modalities is also expanding. By benefiting from the deeper imaging depths and wider imaging ranges now possible, these methods have led to breakthroughs in preclinical and clinical research. This article focuses on the applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene technologies for use in brain imaging. The tracking of cell therapies and gene therapies is the most successful and widely used application of these techniques. Meanwhile, breakthroughs have been achieved in the research and development of reporter genes and their imaging probe pairs with respect to brain function research. This paper introduces the imaging principles and classifications of the reporter gene technologies of these imaging modalities, lists the relevant brain imaging applications, reviews their characteristics, and discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by clinical imaging modalities based on reporter gene technology. The conclusion is provided in the last section.

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“…To assess the effect of adoptive immune cell transfer therapy, cells can be labelled directly ex vivo with a suitable radiotracer for in vivo imaging [32]. An alternative is inserting reporter genes in the immune cells that program proteins which radiopharmaceuticals can specifically target [33,34]. A final method to assess immune response is by imaging lymphocytes in vivo by targeting markers that are constitutively expressed on the cells of interest [35,36].…”

Section: Imaging Of Total Immune Infiltratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide Imaging of Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses to Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment that takes advantage of the body’s immune system to yield effective tumor elimination. Importantly, immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers, resulting in remarkable tumor responses and improvements in patient survival. However, despite impressive tumor effects and extended patient survival, only a small proportion of patients respond, and others can develop immune-related adverse events associated with these therapies, which are associated with considerable costs. Therefore, strategies to increase the proportion of patients gaining a benefit from these treatments and/or increasing the durability of immune-mediated tumor response are still urgently needed. Currently, measurement of blood or tissue biomarkers has demonstrated sampling limitations, due to intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and the latter being invasive. In addition, the unique response patterns of these therapies are not adequately captured by conventional imaging modalities. Consequently, non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using specific radiotracers, have been increasingly used for longitudinal whole-body monitoring of immune responses. Immunotherapies rely on the effector function of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells (NK) at tumor lesions; therefore, the monitoring of these cytotoxic immune cells is of value for therapy response assessment. Different immune cell targets have been investigated as surrogate markers of response to immunotherapy, which motivated the development of multiple imaging agents. In this review, the targets and radiotracers being investigated for monitoring the functional status of immune effector cells are summarized, and their use for imaging of immune-related responses are reviewed along their limitations and pitfalls, of which multiple have already been translated to the clinic. Finally, emerging effector immune cell imaging strategies and future directions are provided.

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In Vivo Cell Tracking Using PET: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation in Oncology

Cited by 18 publications

References 104 publications

Monoclonal Antibodies and Invasive Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives

Monoclonal Antibodies and Invasive Aspergillosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives

Reporter Genes for Brain Imaging Using MRI, SPECT and PET

Radionuclide Imaging of Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses to Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy

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