Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury after traumatic hemorrhagic shock: A 10-year retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of traumatic hemorrhagic shock. The risk factors for AKI after traumatic hemorrhagic shock remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for AKI after traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods This was a ten-year retrospective cohort study of patients who experienced traumatic hemorrhagic shock between January 2013 and April 2023. Patient characteristics and clinical data were recorded for 417 patients. The outcome was the occurrence of AKI, defined as a serum creatinine increase of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (≥ 26.5 μmol/L) within 48 h, or an increase to 1.5 times the baseline, or a urine volume of < 0.5 mL/(kg h.). Risk factors for AKI were tested by logistic regression models. Results The incidence of AKI after traumatic hemorrhagic shock was 29.3% (122/417 patients). Multivariable analysis revealed that the independent risk factors for AKI included age (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.022–1.074; p < 0.001), B-type natriuretic peptide (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.000–1.004; p = 0.041), sepsis (OR, 4.536; 95% CI, 1.651–12.462; p = 0.030) and acute myocardial injury (OR, 2.745; 95% CI, 1.027–7.342; p = 0.044). Road traffic accidents (OR, 0.202; 95% CI, 0.076–0.541; p = 0.001), mean arterial pressure (OR, 0.972; 95% CI, 0.950–0.995; p = 0.017), and base excess (OR, 0.842; 95% CI, 0.764–0.929; p = 0.001) were negatively correlated with AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for prediction by this model was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81–0.90). Conclusion The incidence of AKI after traumatic hemorrhagic shock was 29.3% in our series. Indicators of blood perfusion, sepsis and acute myocardial injury may be independent risk factors for AKI after traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Early detection and effective intervention on these risk factors could reduce the occurrence of AKI and improve outcomes. Graphical abstract