Incidental Findings in Neuroimaging Research: Ethical Considerations

Ulmer, Stephan; Booth, Thomas C.; Widdershoven, Guy; Jansen, Olav; Fesl, Gunther; Kummer, Ruth; Reiter-Theil, Stella

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34342-1_23

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A Magstim Rapid 2 Stimulator and a 70 mm diameter figure‐of‐eight coil (Magstim, Whitland, Wales, UK) were used to deliver the stimulation pulses. The coil was held parallel to the midline with the handle pointing downward, and the coil center was held tangential to the surface of the skull to minimize coil–cortex distance and thereby maximize the TMS effect (Ulmer & Jansen, 2010). rTMS was delivered to the stimulation site at the participant's PT to minimize interindividual variability in visual cortical excitability thresholds (Stewart et al., 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating intrinsic functional connectivity with visual cortex using low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Rafique

Steeves

2022

Brain and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Intrinsic network connectivity becomes altered in pathophysiology.Noninvasive brain stimulation can modulate pathological functional networks in an attempt to restore the inherent response. To determine its usefulness for visualrelated disorders, we developed procedures investigating repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols targeting the visual cortex on modulating connectivity associated with the visual network and default mode network (DMN). Methods:We compared two low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS protocols to the visual cortex (V1)-a single 20 min session and five successive 20 min sessions (accelerated/withinsession rTMS)-using multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance wholebrain imaging and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). We also explored the relationship between rsFC and rTMS-induced changes in key inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. GABA (GABA+) and glutamate (Glx) concentrations were measured in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results: Acute disruption with a single rTMS session caused widespread connectivity reconfiguration with nodes of interest. Changes were not evident immediately post-rTMS but were observed at 1 h post-rTMS. Accelerated sessions resulted in weak alterations in connectivity, producing a relatively homeostatic response. Changes in GABA+ and Glx concentrations with network connectivity were dependent on the rTMS protocol.Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study offers new perspectives to assess stimulation-induced neural processes involved in intrinsic functional connectivity and the potential for rTMS to modulate nodes interconnected with the visual cortex.The differential effects of single-session and accelerated rTMS on physiological markers are crucial for furthering the advancement of treatment modalities in visual cortex related disorders.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating intrinsic functional connectivity with visual cortex using low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Rafique

Steeves

2022

Brain and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Brown and Hasso (2008) argued that disclosure of IFs should be addressed in the research study design, suggesting that no neuroimaging study be approved by an IRB if a protocol for reporting unexpected findings to participants and for initiating treatment for these findings is not delineated in the research proposal. Because no uniform national or international policy exists for such protocols, neuroethicists largely suggest that researchers within the neuroimaging community petition their home IRB to enforce the inclusion of such a protocol in research proposals (Brown & Hasso, 2008; Ulmer et al, 2013). …”

Section: The State Of the Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a clinical protocol might include a T1-weighted image to acquire an anatomical overview; a T2-weighted image sequence that provides good pathological information; and a diffusion weighted image or a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image, which can be used to detect hyperacute and acute cerebral infarct, respectively (Rorden & Karnath, 2004). Depending on the question at hand, other additional orthogonal acquisitions may be required as well or contrast agents may be needed (Ulmer et al, 2013). Thus, to reliably detect an abnormality and to make a reasonable clinical judgment about an IF would require collection of MR images beyond what may be necessary for research.…”

Section: Practical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Social Constructivism Decision-Making Approach to Managing Incidental Findings in Neuroimaging Research

King

2017

Ethics & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful tool used in cognitive neuroscientific research. fMRI is noninvasive, safe, and relatively accessible, making it an ideal method to draw inferences about the brain–behavior relationship. When conducting fMRI research, scientists must consider risks associated with brain imaging. In particular, the risk of potentially identifying an abnormal brain finding in an fMRI research scan poses a complex problem that researchers should be prepared to address. This article illustrates how a social constructivism decision-making model can be used as a framework to guide researchers as they develop protocols to address this issue.

show abstract

“…Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) techniques have been widely adopted for studying patterns of activation in neural systems and networks of the healthy and the diseased brain (see References 1 and 2 for overviews). While informative, a more comprehensive understanding of complex mental phenomena requires consideration across multiple complementary ‘levels of explanation’ 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA, glutamatergic dynamics and BOLD contrast assessed concurrently using functional MRS during a cognitive task

Craven,

Dwyer,

Ersland

et al. 2023

NMR in Biomedicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A recurring issue in functional neuroimaging is how to link task‐driven haemodynamic blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI (BOLD‐fMRI) responses to underlying neurochemistry at the synaptic level. Glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters respectively, are typically measured with MRS sequences separately from fMRI, in the absence of a task. The present study aims to resolve this disconnect, developing acquisition and processing techniques to simultaneously assess GABA, glutamate and glutamine (Glx) and BOLD in relation to a cognitive task, at 3 T. Healthy subjects (N = 81) performed a cognitive task (Eriksen flanker), which was presented visually in a task‐OFF, task‐ON block design, with individual event onset timing jittered with respect to the MRS readout. fMRS data were acquired from the medial anterior cingulate cortex during task performance, using an adapted MEGA‐PRESS implementation incorporating unsuppressed water‐reference signals at a regular interval. These allowed for continuous assessment of BOLD activation, through T2*‐related changes in water linewidth. BOLD‐fMRI data were additionally acquired. A novel linear model was used to extract modelled metabolite spectra associated with discrete functional stimuli, building on well established processing and quantification tools. Behavioural outcomes from the flanker task, and activation patterns from the BOLD‐fMRI sequence, were as expected from the literature. BOLD response assessed through fMRS showed a significant correlation with fMRI, specific to the fMRS‐targeted region of interest; fMRS‐assessed BOLD additionally correlated with lengthening of response time in the incongruent flanker condition. While no significant task‐related changes were observed for GABA+, a significant increase in measured Glx levels (~8.8%) was found between task‐OFF and task‐ON periods. These findings verify the efficacy of our protocol and analysis pipelines for the simultaneous assessment of metabolite dynamics and BOLD. As well as establishing a robust basis for further work using these techniques, we also identify a number of clear directions for further refinement in future studies.

show abstract

Incidental Findings in Neuroimaging Research: Ethical Considerations

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Modulating intrinsic functional connectivity with visual cortex using low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Modulating intrinsic functional connectivity with visual cortex using low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

A Social Constructivism Decision-Making Approach to Managing Incidental Findings in Neuroimaging Research

GABA, glutamatergic dynamics and BOLD contrast assessed concurrently using functional MRS during a cognitive task

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About