Incidentally discovered primary mediastinal germ cell tumor

Wong, Victoria; Geynisman, Daniel M.

doi:10.1097/01.jaa.0000657172.30545.a3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…MGCTs may also present (in decreasing order of frequency) with fever, weight loss, superior vena cava syndrome, fatigue, cervical lymphadenopathy, hemoptysis,12 hoarseness, or dysphagia 10,13–15. Individual cases of MGCT have also included clinical findings of palpitations,16 pericardial tamponade,17 recurrent pericarditis,18 pericardial effusion,19 superior vena cava tumor thrombosis,20 and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage 21. MGCTs occurring in pediatric or neonatal patients may present with severe symptoms requiring urgent intervention,22 including airway compression,23 respiratory distress, cardiogenic shock,24 and pericardial effusion 25.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors: A Review and Update on Pathologic, Clinical, and Molecular Features

El-Zaatari

2021

Advances in Anatomic Pathology

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Mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) are the most common extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) and most often arise in the anterior mediastinum with a male predilection. MGCTs also have a predilection for patients with Klinefelter syndrome and possibly other genetic conditions. MGCTs, as GCTs at other extragonadal sites, are thought to arise from germ cells improperly retained during migration along the midline during embryogenesis. Similar to their counterparts in the testes, MGCTs are classified into seminomatous and nonseminomatous GCTs. Seminomatous MGCT represents pure seminoma, whereas nonseminomatous MGCTs encompass pure yolk sac tumors, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, mature or immature teratoma, and mixed GCTs with any combination of GCT types, including seminoma. Somatictype or hematologic malignancies can also occur in association with a primary MGCT. MGCTs share molecular findings with GCTs at other sites, most commonly the presence of chromosome 12p gains and isochromosome i(12p). Treatment includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection of residual tumor, with the exception of benign teratomas, which require only surgical resection without chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight and provide an update on pathologic, clinical, and molecular features of MGCTs. Immunohistochemical profiles of each tumor type, as well as differential diagnostic considerations, are discussed.

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