Incipient Events in Human Carcinogenesis: A Concept of Forerunner Genes

Loss of LPAR6 and CAB39L dysregulates the basal-to-luminal urothelial differentiation program, contributing to bladder carcinogenesis

“…The areas influenced by field effects may form large plaques involving extensive mucosal areas of the affected organ. 2 – 4 The molecular mechanisms driving this initiating phase of carcinogenesis are largely unknown, but preliminary evidence has demonstrated that a set of genes distinct from major known oncogenes and tumor suppressors may be involved. 5 , 6 …”