Incorporation of D-amphetamine into pigmented guinea-pig hair

Harrison, William; Gray, Russell; Solomon, Lawrence M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb13079.x

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2. The detection of the drugs after successive hair washing indicates that the substances were contained within the hair and not on the surface (Goldblum et al 1954;Harrison et al 1974;Klug 1980;Baumgartner et al 1981;Valente et al 1981;Baumgartner et al 1982;Niwaguchi et al 1983;Puschel et al 1983;Suzuki et al 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Radioimmunological determination of cocaine in human hair

1987

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Summary.A simple procedure for the determination of cocaine in human hair was described. After washing hair samples were crushed in 0.1 m HC1 and incubated overnight at 45°C. The acid extracts were neutralized with 1 m NaOH. Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was added to the extracts. The cocaine concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Detection in hair was achieved in all hair samples obtained from cocaine users. This method appears to be suitable for the routine determination of cocaine. Key word: Cocaine, radioimmunological determination in hairZusammenfassung. Diese Arbeit beschreibt eine Methode fiir die Bestimmung von Kokain im menschlichen Haar. Das Haar wurde gewaschen, zermalt mit 0,1m HC1 und tiber Nacht bei 45°C inkubiert. Nach Neutralisierung mit 1 m NaOH wurde Phosphat-Puffer (pH 7,4) zugesetzt. Die KokainKonzentrationen wurden mittels Radioimmunoassay bestimmt. In allen Haarproben yon Kokainabh~ingigen wurden megbare Konzentrationen nachgewiesen. Dieses Veffahren stellt eine schnelle und einfache Routinemethode dar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Radioimmunological determination of cocaine in human hair

1987

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“…Numerous studies have confirmed that melanin pigments play an important role in the incorporation of drugs into hair (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). This may lead to a hair color bias in the interpretation of hair testing results.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…In the cell, melanins are covalently linked to proteins to produce structures referred to as 1 This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant DA07820. 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed at University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Room 490, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship of Melanin Degradation Products to Actual Melanin Content: Application to Human Hair

Borges

Roberts

Wilkins

et al. 2001

Analytical Biochemistry

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“…Many factors are likely to affect the concentration of drugs in hair and thus complicate the interpretation of results from these analyses. These factors include, but are not limited to hair colour or melanin content [1,2] physicochemical properties of drugs, such as lipophilicity, melanin affinity and membrane permeability [3] structural factors of drugs [4] external contamination [5] and cosmetic treatment of hair [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Very little has been published about the effects of cosmetic treatment on drug contents in hair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of the cosmetic treatment of hair on drug testing

Jurado

Kintz

Menéndez

et al. 1997

International Journal of Legal Medicine

157

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An important issue of concern for drug analysis in hair is the change in the drug concentration induced by the cosmetic treatment of hair. The products used for this treatment are strong bases and they are expected to cause hair damage. As a result drugs may be lost from the hair matrix or, under conditions of environmental contamination, be more easily incorporated into the hair matrix. We investigated the effects of cosmetic treatment in vivo by analysing hair samples selected from people who had treated their hair by bleaching or dyeing before sample collection. All of the subjects admitted a similar drug consumption during the time period for which the strands were analysed. Samples were viewed under a microscope to establish the degree of hair damage. Treated and untreated portions from each lock of hair were then selected, separated and analysed by standard detection procedures for cocaine, opiates, cannabinoids and nicotine. In all cases the drug content in hair that had undergone cosmetic treatment decreased in comparison to untreated hair. The majority of the mean differences were in the range of 40%-60% (cocaine, benzoylecgonine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine and THC-COOH). For morphine the mean difference was higher than 60%, and two cases (THC and nicotine) differed by approx. 30%. These differences depended not only on the type of cosmetic treatment, as bleaching produced higher decreases than dyeing, but also on the degree of hair damage i.e. the more damaged the hair, the larger the differences in the concentration levels of drugs.

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Incorporation of D-amphetamine into pigmented guinea-pig hair

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Radioimmunological determination of cocaine in human hair

Radioimmunological determination of cocaine in human hair

Relationship of Melanin Degradation Products to Actual Melanin Content: Application to Human Hair

Influence of the cosmetic treatment of hair on drug testing

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